In:Interactional Studies of Qualitative Research Interviews:
Edited by Kathryn Roulston
[Not in series 220] 2019
► pp. 325–330
Index
Published online: 25 March 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/z.220.ind1
https://doi.org/10.1075/z.220.ind1
A
- accountability32, 69, 72, 77
- accounts (and accounting practices) 19–21, 39, 55, 85, 87, 89, 95, 97–98, 100, 227
- acknowledgement tokens15, 168, 171, 219, 231, 234, 236see also
- ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview152
- advice seeking 125–129, 138–139
- affect (and affective stance) 149–151; , 162, 170–172; , 177–178; see also
- affiliation (and disaffiliation, affilitative responses)39, 84, 136, 170, 210, 212–214, 220, 236, 244, 277
- agreement63, 88, 90, 92–93; , 95, 97–98; , 100, 131, 144, 156, 171–172; , 191, 194, 207–210; , 212–215; , 223, 226, 236, 243–245; , 247–250; , 254, 267, 277see also
- alignment (and misalignment)84, 86, 98–101, 149–150, 203, 212, 222, 236, 267–268, 277
- amused reception95, 97, 100
- analysis of interview data 15–16
- assertions62, 73–76, 88, 90, 92, 133, 139, 213–214, 217, 226, 234
- assessments (and evaluations) 74–75, 96, 113, 186, 194–195, 200, 207–210, 217, 227, 230, 233, 235, 243–244, 248–250, 261, 277
- assumptions about research participants’ epistemic access to research topics64see also
- asymmetry in interviews57, 128, 150, 276
C
- Carolyn Baker’s five keys86, 97
- case study219, 271
- category bound activities84, 96, 99
- change-of-state token (change-of-state display)166, 168, 194, 208
- co-construction of interviews (construction of interview data, co-construction of knowledge, collaborative production of identities and knowledge)14, 76, 85, 96–97, 182, 200, 214, 234, 240, 266
- code-switching 147–150, 152, 164–168, 176–178
- competing perspectives 147–148, 150, 154, 156–157, 165, 176–177
- complaints273
- conflicting frames190, 200
- content usefulness197, 200
- context 277–279; see alsoinstitutional contexts
- contingency14, 18, 62, 110, 127, 138, 143, 145, 150, 178, 187, 197, 201–202, 206, 214–215, 217, 272
- continuers16, 145, 155–156; , 159, 163, 170–171; , 173–174; , 182, 219, 222–224; , 226–227; , 229–231; , 234, 236–237; , 273, 277see also
- conversation analysis3,
10–12, 14,
17–18,
23–25, 34, 38, 59, 60,
75–76,
84–85, 125, 140,
146–147, 153,
181–182, 186,
201–202, 219, 271, 277
- application to interviews 12–13, 85, 153
- applied conversation analysis23, 105, 204
- conversational interviews10, 105, 108see also
- conversational resources10, 17–18; , 22, 97, 100, 143see also accountsagreementassertionsassessmentschange-of-state tokencontinuersdisagreementextreme case formulations (ECFs)formulationslaughterimpersonal youinitiation-response-evaluation (IRE) sequencesinsertion sequenceinterruptionspolar-tag questionsquestion-answer sequencesresponse tokenssilence
- correction93
- cross-cultural interviews 79–80, 175–176
- culture-in-action85, 99
D
- data generation (and data collection)35,
81–83, 85, 103, 105,
147–148,
151–152, 157,
204–205
- “good” data (better data)178, 200
- deontic authority75
- dialect 168–173, 176, 185, 194
- dimensions of knowledge in conversation63
- disability38, 48, 49, 53, 55
- learning disability39
- questions about disability49, 51
- disability studies37, 43
- definition38
- disagreement84, 93, 97–100; , 210, 212, 214–216; , 227, 231see also
- discursive practices (discursive resources)19see also conversational resources
- dispreference (dispreference markers, dispreferred response, dispreferred turn-shape)50, 155, 158, 169, 174, 177, 190, 196, 212, 231see also preferred response
- discursive psychology12, 17–18, 25, 146, 181, 271
- doing description 19–21; see also accounts
E
- emotion (and emotional expression, emotional intensity)148, 170, 172, 182, 193, 235see also affect
- epistemics37, 41, 45, 49, 55, 125, 140, 271, 276
- epistemic access32, 62–64, 71–72, 77, 161
- epistemic access congruence (and incongruence) 62–64, 66–67, 70–72, 75–77
- epistemic advantage (epistemic superiority) 60–61, 162, 184
- epistemic agents15
- epistemic asymmetry131, 133
- epistemic authority17, 75, 161
- epistemic domains37, 76
- epistemic gaps162
- epistemic gradient32, 61, 68, 76
- epistemic positioning 125–126, 135, 139
- epistemic primacy32, 62, 72, 77
- epistemic rights and responsibility24, 32, 62, 69, 72, 77, 161
- epistemic shifts 132–135
- epistemic stance (and display)
76–77, 140, 150, 162, 177, 210
- definition61
- epistemic status34, 51, 62, 76
- definition61
- epistemics in conversation32, 59–61, 75–77
- ethnomethodology3,
10–12,
14–15,
17–18,
21–25, 79, 84, 219, 277
- ethnomethodological analysis of interviews80, 84–85, 219, 271
- extreme case formulations (ECFs)55, 111, 157, 163–164; , 226, 229, 234, 245, 248, 254see also intensifiersformulations
F
- face-threatening act167
- failed interview (and interview failures)14, 16, 26, 33–34, 79–80, 82–83, 87, 98–99, 103–104, 118, 124, 182
- family language planning153, 155, 157, 159–160, 163, 166
- Federal Writers’ Project4
- critiques of 4–5
- Former Slave Project5
- feminist analysis90, 98–99
- feminist interviewing84
- feminist research (and feminist research ethics)33, 80, 83, 86, 98
- focus groups6,
10–11, 14,
16–17, 19, 21,
25–26, 39, 42, 87, 129,
144–145,
197–198,
201–202,
272–274, 280
- analysis203, 215
- benefits202, 204
- contrasted with dyadic and group interviews215
- critiques of202
- disclosure in202, 204
- interactional flow in focus groups214
- interactional organization203, 214, 216
- interactional shape215
- moderator 201–203, 205–206, 208, 210, 212–216, 280
- participants as experts216
- protocol202, 205–206, 210, 213–214, 217
- use in applied linguistics203
- “for-the-record” orientation 181–182, 193, 197
- formulations15, 20,
22–23, 41, 50, 54, 62, 73, 89, 153, 159, 164, 187, 190, 196, 209,
225–227, 229, 234, 243,
245–246,
248–249, 267see also extreme case formulations
- reformulation73, 76, 155, 209, 245
G
- gender roles89, 90, 98
- generic responses22see also
- group interaction25, 144–145, 201–204, 214–215See see focus groups
I
- identity31, 33,
37–38, 42, 46, 55, 80, 82, 126, 130, 133, 136, 139,
275–276
- identity construction (social production) 19–22, 90, 92, 96, 139, 148, 262–264, 272
- identity dilemmas158, 174
- institutional identity21
- peer identity43, 46, 55, 57, 281
- ideologically mediated events6, 173
- impairment
38–39,
43–44, 46, 51
- definition38
- impersonal “you” (generalized you)17
- in-depth interviews274
- inertia condition165
- information preserves60, 62
- informational discrepancies161
- initiation-response-evaluation (IRE) sequences 109–110, 124
- insertion sequence214
- institutional contexts (and institutional settings)16, 39, 57, 103–106; , 108, 186, 193, 195–197; , 278see also
- institutional talk (institutional interaction and institutional discourse)13, 18, 23, 72, 104–106, 111, 124, 127, 144, 181–182, 184, 267, 279, 281
- intensifiers245, 248, 254, 267see also extreme case formulations
- interactional challenges 149–151
- interactional contexts3, 6–10; , 16, 56, 145–146; , 240, 242–243; , 254, 268see also
- interactional dynamics3, 37, 144–145, 149, 201, 204, 214
- interactional frame144, 181, 187, 192, 241
- interactional problemsSee interactional trouble
- interactional resources22, 201, 214, 217see also
- interactional studies of interviews5, 10
- contributions of 22–23
- interactional trouble 3–5; , 41–42; , 54, 59–60; , 71–75; , 150–151; , 153, 157, 174, 225, 272, 279see also
- interculturality 175–176
- interrogatives129see also interview questions
- interruptions (and interjections)33, 83, 93, 99–100, 116–117, 122
- intersubjectivity150, 176, 266, 276
- interview as social practiceSee research interviews
- interview guide (and interview protocol)22, 31, 44, 73, 80–83; , 87, 96, 98–99; , 152, 155, 159, 174–175; , 202, 205–206; , 280–282; see also focus group protocol
- interview question(s)39, 150
- closed questions81
- feeling question162
- opinion question75
- question formulation41, 51, 54–55
- reconceptualization of100
- sensitive questions 17–18; , 31, 41, 56–57; , 264see also polar tag question
- interviewees’ concerns (participants’ concerns)42, 130, 174
- interviewer-interviewee relationships21, 23, 31,
33–35, 70
- interviewer-interviewee relationships as knowers and unknowers66
- prior relationships126, 182
- vertical relationship174
- interviewers’ assumptions8, 22, 38, 41, 43, 45, 63, 70, 84, 143, 150–151; , 153, 158, 174–175; , 177–178; , 227, 279, 281see also
- interviewing children 33–34; , 103–104; , 115, 118, 124see also
- interviewsSee research interviews
- interview populations
- children14, 16, 33–34, 103–124, 276
- families 151–153, 157, 161, 174, 176–178
- pre-service teachers126, 129
- strangers 79–80, 100–101, 275, 277
- Interview Society5
- invitations87, 97, 99–100, 230
J
- Japanese143, 147, 150–168, 170, 172–174, 176, 212
- justifications 239–241, 243, 251–252, 254–257, 259, 262–263, 266–267
K
- knowledge, dimensions of in conversation63
- known-answer questions111
L
- language alternation148, 151, 165, 178see also code-switching
- language biography (and language biography research)144, 181–185, 187, 190, 199–200
- language choice57, 83, 143–144, 147, 149–151, 178
- language development (and language learning) 151–153, 156, 160, 163
- language style (and language register)172, 193
- laughter17, 26, 47, 49, 68, 71, 73, 76, 119, 160, 164–165, 169–170, 173, 190, 210, 233–234, 273
- learning disability37, 42see alsodisability studies
- “life experts”198
- life history (and life history narratives, life history interviews)31, 268, 274
- linguistic identity147, 153, 170, 174, 178
- longitudinal research (and longitudinal interviews)125, 140, 273, 281
M
- membership categorization analysis3,
10–12, 18,
24–25,
79–80,
84–86,
95–96, 99, 146, 186, 239, 241,
263–264, 271
- membership categories (and membership categorization devices)19, 80, 84, 86, 90, 100, 135, 264
- memory (remembering) 17–18
- minimal response156, 166, 169, 190, 195, 222, 237see also
- mitigation (and mitigators)10, 146, 195, 210, 225, 231, 233,
239–243, 245, 252, 254,
256–257, 259,
261–263,
266–268
- downtoners242
- fuzziness markers 240–241, 259, 262
- hedging41, 243, 259
- softeners240, 242, 245, 259, 261
- non-extreme case formulations242
- mm hmSee response tokens
- multilingual interviewing178
- multilingualism
148–149, 172, 183
- multilingual resources 143–144, 149, 164–168, 175, 177–178, 183
- multiparty interviews240, 244, 246, 251, 253, 256, 258–264, 264, 275
N
- narrative6,
11–12, 14, 16, 22, 26, 143, 146, 155,
162–163,
182–185,
187–188,
190–192, 195,
197–198, 200,
226–227, 236,
239–240, 243, 247, 250,
262–263,
267–268, 275
- narratives of life experience 239–240; , 243, 247, 262, 267see also life history
- negative case analysis151
- novice interviewers16, 33, 80, 82, 96, 99–100
O
- open-ended interview10
- opinions6, 39, 43, 59, 61, 69, 73, 76, 145, 154, 184, 201–202, 213, 215–216
- opposition147, 169, 170–171; , 174, 177, 209–210; see also
- oral history interview10, 17–18
- ordinary conversation (mundane conversation)39, 62, 186, 193, 233, 235–236
P
- participation framework144, 146, 150, 181–182, 186–188, 200
- peer research 37–38, 48, 55, 281
- place references17
- polar tag question210
- positioning61, 125, 127–128; , 130, 133–134; , 139, 196, 198, 221see also epistemic positioning
- power relations83, 111, 148
- problematic interviews (interview problems)16, 26, 33, 83see also
- program evaluation201, 203–204
- preferred response (and preference)46, 50, 54, 59, 81, 186, 196, 210, 213, 244see also dispreference
Q
- qualitative interviews11, 16, 22, 26, 31–32, 81–82, 140, 143, 145, 147, 152, 181–184, 187, 197, 200, 219, 235–236, 271–272, 274–275
- question-answer sequences (question-answer frame)17, 23, 157, 186–188, 190, 192, 200, 240–242, 255, 274
R
- rapport 17–18, 22–23, 25, 33, 79–80, 84–86, 99–100, 126, 145, 150, 162, 177, 206, 219–221, 223, 225, 227, 231, 234, 236–238, 276–277
- recipient design32, 61, 63, 77, 93, 146, 184
- recording devices 14–15, 69, 118, 197, 278–279
- recruitment of participants 37–38, 63, 126, 144, 175, 273, 276, 282
- re-examining interviews 84–85, 104, 106, 123
- (reflective analysis, reflective interviewing practice, reflective perspective) 147–149, 178, 266
- reflexivity22, 33, 83, 235, 237
- reluctant interviewee151, 158, 162
- repair (and next-turn repair, repair initiator, self-repair)68, 113, 147, 153, 159, 164–166, 186, 199, 226, 234, 248, 273, 277
- reported private thoughts 17–18
- research in schools104, 115
- research interviews77, 219,
239–242, 244, 252,
266–267
- as research instrument 6–7
- as social practice3, 6–9, 13, 26, 83, 139, 181–182, 217, 272
- co-construction of (and construction of) 14–16, 85, 144
- critiques of 7–9
- diversity of interviews273
- emotions in172, 182, 193, 235
- face-to-face15, 273–274
- ideologies of interview practice6
- information-gathering174
- openings276
- pre- and post-interview talk282
- serial interviews275
- sites of social action272
- successful interview 83–84
- unpredictability of31, 103, 118–122; , 124, 143, 150, 152see alsofailed interviewsfeminist interviewingconversational interviewsin-depth interviewslanguage biographylife historymultilingual interviewingmultiparty interviewsopen-ended intervieworal history interviewproblematic interviewsqualitative interviewssemi-structured interviewssocial studies of interviewsstandardized interviewssuccessful interviewtelephone interviewstheoretical conceptions of interviewing
- research with children
103–104
- challenges of interviewing children33, 104, 116
- child/adult binary34, 104, 106–107
- children’s language34, 104, 114–117
- conversations with children 105–106, 108, 112, 114–115, 117
- emergent or open listening34, 104, 106–108
- gestures 117–118
- group interviews116
- pedagogical encounters 122–123
- reactive entry method34, 104, 111–112
- reconceptualized model of childhood 106–107
- research product182, 200
- resistance76, 108, 151, 157–158; , 162–163; , 166, 169, 174, 176, 190, 196, 200, 230, 279see also opposition
- response tokens50, 172, 207, 219, 222–223; , 231, 234–237; see also acknowledgement tokensbackchannel utterancescontinuersminimal responsesgeneric responses
S
- self-assessment127, 134–136, 140
- self-disclosure17, 221
- self-praise17, 24, 34–35, 125–127, 133, 136–137, 139–140, 195, 250–251
- self-reference135
- self-reflection14, 134–135, 137
- self-representation140, 178
- semi-structured interviews31, 81, 181, 183, 241, 264, 274
- sensitive topics18, 31, 55, 145, 177, 204, 220–221; , 231, 235–236; , 243, 254see also interview questions, sensitive questions
- silence8, 108, 155, 157, 159, 163–164, 169, 171, 174, 195, 219, 223, 230–234, 236–237, 277
- social actions in interviews10, 13, 16–18; , 21, 35, 143, 217, 234–235; , 272, 277–279; , 282see also advice-seekingaffiliationcomplaintsdisaffiliationjustificationsself-disclosureself-praise
- social constructionist epistemology203
- social studies of interviews13, 26, 149, 272–273, 281–282
- South Tyrol144, 181, 185, 195, 199
- speech act theory146
- stance (and stance taking)17, 32, 59–62; , 76–77; , 140, 147–148; , 150–151; , 153, 162–163; , 168–170; , 172–174; , 176–178; , 182, 209–210; , 212–214; , 276see also epistemic stance
- standardized interviews (survey interviews)6, 10–11, 31, 234, 272–273
- storytelling95, 146, 187–188; , 190, 192–193; , 200, 222see also narrative
- successful interview 83–84, 150, 235, 237
T
- tasks facing an interview participant when asked a sensitive question that could relate to their own identity56see also interview questions, sensitive questionssensitive topics
- telephone interviews15, 18, 23, 145, 152, 154, 223–224, 226, 234–235, 273–275
- territorial offenses60, 63
- territory of information61, 65, 70, 76–77
- territories of the self59
- theoretical conceptions of interviewing33,
82–84
- conventional81, 85
- neo-positivist 99–100
- positivist12, 81, 99–100
- romantic85
- transition relevance place (TRP) (transition space)155, 161
- Type 1/Type 2 knowables63, 69, 70, 77
U
- Unpredictability of interviewing150, 152
Y
- Yale Romanization205
