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Article published In: Written Language & Literacy
Vol. 20:2 (2017) ► pp.227–251

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Early Thai orthography

Innovative tone-marking or recent hoax?

 | University of Sydney, Australia
Published online: 9 February 2018
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/wll.00005.dil
Abstract
Orthographic complexity in Thai is traced diachronically to account for non-linear relationships in the current writing system. As a result of orthographic conservatism over a period of phonological change, an earlier direct phoneme-grapheme isomorphism has shifted to a complex configuration with abstract reinterpretation. What were originally segmental graphemes have acquired hierarchical functions in suprasegmental tone marking. However, aspects of this account have been challenged. A debate has arisen regarding the origins of Thai writing. An early inscription with consistent use of tone marks has been deemed a fake, causing a local uproar. This inscriptional debate is described in some detail as it provides a context appropriate for examining more general questions raised by Share, David L. & Peter T. Daniels. (2016). Aksharas, alphasyllabaries, abugidas, alphabets and orthographic depth: Reflections on Rimzhim, Katz and Fowler (2014). Writing Systems Research, 8.11: 17–31. .Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar and others regarding multi-dimensional hierarchical depth in orthographic systems. Central to Thai orthographic depth is the claim that early Thai writers marked phonemic tone.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Discovery (or fakery?) of the Ram Khamhaeng inscription
  • 3.The Ram Khamhaeng orthography as an integrated plan
  • 4.Thai orthography in the fourteenth century and beyond
    • 4.1Orthographic practice of King Lithai (r. 1347–1370?)
    • 4.2Consonant shapes
    • 4.3Indic etymological retentions
    • 4.4Consonant cluster representation
    • 4.5Aspirated continuant digraphs such as หม <hm>, หน <hn>, หล <hl>
    • 4.6Creation of new graphemes from old
    • 4.7Vowel developments
    • 4.8Tone-marking developments
    • 4.9Sound changes or clever fakery?
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
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