Article published In: Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts
Vol. 5:2 (2019) ► pp.165–184
Translanguaging as an expression of transnational identity
Ethnicity renegotiation in the Indian diaspora
Published online: 24 April 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00030.reg
https://doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00030.reg
Abstract
Non-linguists are usually able to discriminate accurately between different language patterns (Niedzielski, Nancy A., and Dennis R. Preston. 2003. Folk Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.; Preston, Dennis R. 2010. “Language, People, Salience, Space. Perceptual Dialectology and Language Regard.” Dialectologia 51: 87–131.) although long-standing scholarly tradition has often, if
not always, contradicted their views of language (Boas, Franz. 1917. “Introductory.” International Journal of American Linguistics 11: 1–18. ; Bloomfield, in Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1950. “Obituary of Leonard Bloomfield.” Lingua 21: 117–123. ).
Moreover, in diasporic settings, speakers’ constant need of renegotiating the problem of ethnicity is often resolved in their
willingness to shed their regional, linguistic and ethnic identities to the detriment of their more general pan-Indian one (Jayaram, Narajana. 2004. The Indian Diaspora. Dynamics of Migration. New Delhi: Sage.). In an Indian diasporic community situated in Heidelberg, Germany,
perceived subtle differences in L2 phonological characteristics may index local and situated ethnic identities. In order to
ascertain whether dialectal variation has salience for the community, this paper presents findings on how translanguaging might be
a valuable linguistic resource in the expression of speakers’ ethnic identities. A qualitative analysis of questionnaires,
interviews and informal conversations has delineated a new ‘diaspora consciousness’ (Vertovec, Steven. 1997. “Three Meanings of ‘Diaspora’, Exemplified among South Asian Religions.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6(3): 277–299. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]) in light of the transient aspect of the community in question.
Keywords: diaspora, ethnicity, folk scrutiny, Indian Englishes, translanguaging
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Translanguaging in India and the Indian Diaspora
- 3.Present study
- 3.1The Heidelberg Indian Student Community
- 3.2An investigation into identity, ethnicity and translanguaging
- 4.Data and methodology
- 5.Results and discussion
- 6.Conclusion and outlook
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (60)
Alam, Farhana, and Jane Stuart-Smith. 2014. “Identity, Ethnicity and Fine Phonetic Detail: An Acoustic Phonetic Analysis of Syllable-initial /t/ in Glaswegian Girls of Pakistani Heritage.” In English in the Indian Diaspora, ed. by Marianne Hundt, and Devyani Sharma, 29–53. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Ashcroft, Bill. 2011. “Translation and Transformation.” In Traduttrici: Female Voices Across Languages, ed. by Oriana Palusci, 25–46. Trento: Tangram Edizioni Scientifiche.
Bhatt, Rakesh M. 2017. “World English and Language Ideologies.” In The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes, ed. by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma, 291–311. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Blommaert, Jan, and Dong Jie. 2010. Ethnographic Fieldwork: A Beginner’s Guide. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Consulate General of India. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]
Duranti, Alessandro, and Charles Goodwin. 1992. “Rethinking Context: An Introduction.” In Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, and Charles Goodwin, 1–42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Erickson, Frederick. 1987. “Transformation and School Success: The Politics and Culture of Educational Achievement.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 181: 335–356.
Friesen, Wardlow, and Robin A. Kearns. 2008. “Indian Diaspora in New Zealand: History, Identity and Cultural Landscapes.” In Tracing an Indian Diaspora. Contexts, Memories, Representations, ed. by Parvati Raghuram, Ajaya Kumar Sahoo, Brij Maharaj, and Dave Sangha, 210–236. New Delhi: Sage.
García, Ofelia. 2009a. Bilingual Education in the 21t century: A Global Perspective. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
. 2009b. “Education, Multilingualism and Translanguaging in the 21st Century.” In Social Justice through Multilingual Education, ed. by Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Robert Phillipson, Ajit K. Mohanty, and Minati Panda, 140–158. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
García, Ofelia, and Li Wei. 2014. Translanguaging: Language, Bilingualism and Education. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gargesh, Ravinder. 2004. “Indian English: Phonology.” In A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Edgar W. Schneider, Kate Burridge, Bernd Kortmann, Rajend Mesthrie, and Clive Upton, 992–1002. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gargesh, Ravinder, and Pingali Sailaja. 2017. “South Asia.” In The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes, ed. by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma, 425–447. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
German Federal Statistical Office. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]
Gottschlich, Pierre. 2013. “From Germany to India: The Role of NRI and PIO in Economic and Social Development Assistance.” In Diaspora Engagement and Development in South Asia, ed. by Tai Tai Yong, and Md Mizanur Rahman, 20–40. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gumperz, John J. 1968. “The Speech Community.” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 91: 381–386.
Hesse-Biber, Sharlene N., and Patricia Leavy. 2006. The Practice of Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Kachru, Braj B. 1982. The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
1986. The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of Non-native Englishes. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Khubchandani, Lachman M. 2001. “Language Demography and Language Education.” In Language Education in Multilingual India, ed. by C. J. Daswani, 3–47. New Delhi, India: UNESCO.
Kroskrity, Paul. 2004. “Language Ideologies.” In A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, ed. by Alessandro Duranti, 496–517. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mayring, Philipp. 2014. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen, Techniken, Software. Weinham: Fünte Auflage.
Mesthrie, Rajend, and Rakesh M. Bhatt. 2008. World Englishes. The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Milroy, Leslie, and James Milroy. 1992. “Social Networks and Social Class: Toward an Integrated Sociolinguistic Model.” Language in Society 211:1–26.
Milroy, Leslie, and Matthew Gordon. 2003. Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mohanty, Ajit K. 2006. “Multilingualism of the Unequals and Predicaments of Education in India: Mother Tongue or Other Tongue?” In Imagining Multilingual Schools: Language in Education and Glocalization, ed. by Ofelia García, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, and María E. Torres-Guzmán, 262–283. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
2013. “Multilingual Education in India: Overcoming the Language Barrier and the Burden of the Double Divide.” In Multilingualism and Language Diversity in Urban Areas: Acquisition, Identities, Space, Education, ed. by Ingrid Gogolin, Peter Siemund, Monika E. Schulz, and Julia Davydova, 305–326. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mortensen, Janus, and Anne Fabricius. 2014. “Language Ideologies in Danish Higher Education: Exploring Student Perspectives.” In English in Nordic Universities: Ideologies and Practices, ed. by Anna K. Hultgren, Frans Gregersen, and Jacob Thøgersen, 193–223. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
National University of Educational Planning and Administration. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]
Otheguy, Ricardo, Ofelia García, and Wallis Reid. 2015. Metrolingualism: Language in the City. London: Routledge.
Preston, Dennis R. 2010. “Language, People, Salience, Space. Perceptual Dialectology and Language Regard.” Dialectologia 51: 87–131.
Regnoli, Giuliana. 2016. Indexicality and Contextualisation. Linguistic, Cultural and Social Stances of Indian English Speakers in Heidelberg. MA diss. University of Naples ‘L’Orientale’.
. 2017. “Complexity in/of Language: An Example of Linguistic Awareness in an Indian English Diasporic Community.” Paper presented at the XXVIII AIA Conference, Pisa, 14–16 September 2017.
Roberts, Anthony D. 2011. The Role of Metalinguistic Awareness in the Effective Teaching of Foreign Languages. Bern: Peter Lang.
Satyanath, Shobha. 2015. “Language Variation and Change: the Indian Experience.” In Globalising Sociolinguistics: Challenging and Expanding Theory, ed. by Dick Smakman, and Patrick Heinrich, 107–122. London: Routledge.
Schneider, Edgar. 2007. Postcolonial Englishes. Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sharma, Devyani. 2005. “Dialect Stabilization and Speaker Awareness in Non-Native Varieties of English.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 91: 194–224.
. 2014. “Translational Flows, Language Variation, and Ideology.” In English in the Indian Diaspora, ed. by Marianne Hundt, and Devyani Sharma, 215–242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2017. “World Englishes and Sociolinguistic Theory.” In Oxford Handbook of World Englishes, ed. by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma, 232–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Silverstein, Michael. 1979. “Language Structure and Linguistic Ideology.” In The Elements: a Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels, ed. by Paul Cline, William Hanks, and Carol L. Hofbauer, 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
Vertovec, Steven. 1997. “Three Meanings of ‘Diaspora’, Exemplified among South Asian Religions.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6(3): 277–299. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]
Vogel, Sara, and Ofelia García. 2017. “Translanguaging.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education, 1–21. Accessed January 23, 2019. [URL]
Wiltshire, Caroline. 2005. “The ‘Indian English’ of Tibeto-Burman Language Speakers.” English World-Wide 26 (3): 291–303.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Rácz, Krisztina
Yu, Zhonggen
Li, Ziqi & Li Wang
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
