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In:Diverse Scenarios of Syntactic Complexity
Edited by Albert Álvarez González, Zarina Estrada-Fernández and Claudine Chamoreau
[Typological Studies in Language 126] 2019
► pp. 27–49

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Models of grammar and the outcomes of long-term language contact

Language mixing in Dakkhini

 | Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU
 | University of Delhi & University of Hyderabad (formerly)
Published online: 4 July 2019
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.126.02afa
In this paper, we lay the groundwork for an explanation of the language mixing outcomes witnessed in the grammar of contemporary Dakkhini, which is the result of long-term diachronic contact between Hindi/Urdu and Telugu. We argue that an Exoskeletal Frame Model is well suited to account both for Dakkhini-type contact outcomes, and for “online” code-switching outcomes. The key element of our model is the assumption of a distinction between an underlying abstract syntactic skeleton and the instantiation of that skeleton by functional and lexical exponents. In the case of Dakkhini, we argue that the syntactic skeleton is mainly provided by Telugu, whereas both the functional and lexical exponents by and large are provided by Hindi/Urdu.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Theories of language mixing outcomes: The MLFM
  • 3.Dakkhini
    • 3.1Dakkhini: Basic facts
    • 3.2Dakkhini: Some examples
    • 3.3Dakkhini and the MLFM
  • 4.An exoskeletal frame model: EFM
    • 4.1The EFM is a generative competence model
    • 4.2The structure and properties of the EFM
    • 4.3How the EFM deals with CS type mixing data
  • 5.An exoskeletal EFM analysis of Dakkhini
    • 5.1Dakkhini and the EFM
    • 5.2Dakkhini and the complementizer ki
    • 5.3Dakkhini and Bol ke
    • 5.4Wider implications of our analysis
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
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