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In:Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony
Edited by Sonia Cristofaro and Fernando Zúñiga
[Typological Studies in Language 121] 2018
► pp. 31–58

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Chapter 1
Evolutionary Phonology and the life cycle of voiceless sonorants

 | The Graduate Center, CUNY
Published online: 26 July 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.121.01ble
Abstract
In this chapter I examine the phonetic origins of voiceless sonorants cross-linguistically within the general framework of Evolutionary Phonology (Blevins 2004; 2006; 2008b; 2015). In terms of a general hierarchy of contrast, we observe that: voiceless obstruents are common; voiceless sonorant consonants are uncommon; voiceless vowels are extremely rare. One phonetic source of voiceless sonorants is coarticulation in RH and HR and clusters, where R is a sonorant and H is a segment produced with a spread glottal gesture. Voiceless sonorants may also arise when laryngeal spreading gestures are associated with prosodic domains. In this second case, voiceless sonorants can arise as allophones of their voiced counterparts. While a fair number of languages show voiceless sonorant glides, liquids and nasals phonologized as a consequence  of RH/HR coarticulation, voiceless vowels resist phonologization despite their high frequency as phonetic variants of modal vowels. In some cases, voiceless vowels are lost before phonologization can occur. In other cases, resistance to phonologization may be due to effects of analogy, /h/, word phonotactics, or lexical competition.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Voiceless sonorants as contrastive segment types
  • 3.Historical sources of voiceless sonorants
    • 3.1Voiceless sonorants via RH, HR coarticulation
    • 3.2Voiceless sonorants via phrase-final devoicing
  • 4. Structural factors in the maintenance of voiceless vowels
    • 4.1 The role of analogy
    • 4.2The role of /h/
    • 4.3Phonotactics and morphotactics
    • 4.4Lexical competition
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
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2023. The form of emotions: the phonetics and morphology of interjections in Hadza. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 59:2 ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
Blevins, Juliette & Ander Egurtzegi
2023. Refining explanation in Evolutionary Phonology: macro-typologies and targeted typologies in action. Linguistic Typology 27:2 ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
Repetti-Ludlow, Chiara
2023. Acoustic correlates of Burmese voiced and voiceless sonorants. Phonetica 80:6 ► pp. 433 ff. DOI logo
Chirkova, Katia & Zev Handel
2022. Diachronic developments in fricative + nasal sequences. Journal of Historical Linguistics 12:3 ► pp. 476 ff. DOI logo
Howson, Phil J. & Philip J. Monahan
2022. Acoustic-Perceptual Factors Both Maintain and Account for the Rarity of the Czech Trill-Fricative. Frontiers in Communication 6 DOI logo
Kuznetsova, Natalia
2021. Easterday, Shelece: Highly complex syllable structure: A typological and diachronic study (Studies in Laboratory Phonology 9). Linguistic Typology 25:2 ► pp. 389 ff. DOI logo
Collado, Adriana
2020. Columbia school linguistics in the 21st century. Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics 8:2 ► pp. 264 ff. DOI logo
Blevins, Juliette
2019. Evolutionary phonology as human behavior. In Columbia School Linguistics in the 21st Century [Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 77], ► pp. 281 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 7 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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