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In:Uralic Essive and the Expression of Impermanent State
Edited by Casper de Groot
[Typological Studies in Language 119] 2017
► pp. 497–549

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Chapter 21
The typology of the essive in the Uralic Languages

Published online: 30 November 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.119.21deg
Abstract
This chapters presents the typology of the essive in the Uralic languages. The input for the typology is the detailed information about the essive in nineteen Uralic languages presented in the former chapters of this volume. The chapter specifically investigates the distribution of the essives and also the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The typological variation is discussed within the linguistic domains of non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). The syntactic position of elements marked by the essive is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents. The conclusions summarize the major findings of this volume.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Essive and translative: Form and function
  • 3.Impermanent versus permanent state
    • 3.1Differential marking
    • 3.2Restrictions
      • 3.2.1Nominal and adjectival predicates
      • 3.2.2Tense
      • 3.2.3Other
      • 3.2.4Conclusions of this section
  • 4.Copula, semi-copula, essive, and translative
    • 4.1Copula
    • 4.2Semi-copula
    • 4.3Converb of ‘be’
    • 4.4Modal verbs
    • 4.5Conclusions of this section
  • 5.The essive in secondary predications
    • 5.1Depictives
      • 5.1.1The marking of nominal and adjectival depictives in Uralic
      • 5.1.2The marking of numeral depictives in Uralic
      • 5.1.3Resultatives
      • 5.1.4Conclusions of this section
  • 6.Predicative complements
  • 7.Essives in adverbial phrases
    • 7.1Manner
    • 7.2Temporal adverbial phrases
    • 7.3Circumstantial adverbial phrases
    • 7.4Locational adverbial phrases
    • 7.5Comparative and simile expressions
    • 7.6Conclusions of this section
  • 8.Word order
  • 9.The application of the essive questionnaire to non-Uralic languages
  • 10.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
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