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In:Semantics in Language Acquisition
Edited by Kristen Syrett and Sudha Arunachalam
[Trends in Language Acquisition Research 24] 2018
► pp. 379–386

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List of Topics

Published online: 2 August 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.24.ti

A

  • acquisition
    • language acquisition 1–18, 21, 28, 31, 35, 38–43, 48, 64–65, 67–68, 71, 75, 85–90, 92, 95–97, 100, 101–104, 111–118, 121, 123–124, 127, 129–134, 141, 145–150, 153–155, 172–180, 189, 190, 193–198, 217–219, 222, 227, 241–245, 249, 273, 275–276, 281–282, 284, 286, 289, 291, 294–297, 301–302, 305–306, 312, 315, 317–319, 322–325, 346–349, 351, 361–363, 375–377
  • act-out task/procedure 292–293
  • ad hoc implicature
    • adjective(s), -al 4, 6, 14, 17–18, 22, 32, 117, 127, 146, 224–225, 234, 363
      • expressive adjective 224
      • (of) personal taste 222, 224–225, 234
    • adjunct 222, 232–236, 363, 372, 374–375 ; see also clause
     see implicature
  • adverb, -ial 49–50, 52, 59, 62, 63, 117, 126, 128, 222, 225, 250–251, 256, 260–261, 269, 271, 359
    • durational adverb 126, 128
    • focus adverb 256, 260
    • manner adverbial 359
    • opinion adverb 222, 225
    • quantificational adverb 250–251, 261, 269, 271
    • speaker-oriented adverb 225
    • temporal adverb 49, 50, 59, 62, 126
  • agent, -ive, -ivity 10, 11, 74, 92, 95, 96, 111–116, 118, 121, 127, 147, 153–159, 171–172, 178–180, 189–191, 194–195, 326, 354, 355, 358, 372, 374
    • control (hypothesis) 113–116, 147
    • proto-agent 10, 157–159, 161, 163, 167–168, 173
  • Aktionsart 97 ; see also lexical aspect see also atelic see also telic
  • alternatives 177, 220, 235, 237, 257–258, 261, 308, 312, 322, 327–328, 330–331, 341–345, 347–348, 362, 369, 372
    • lexical alternatives 308, 322
    • scalar, scale alternatives 327, 331, 344–345
    • subdomain alternatives 257, 261
  • ambiguity, -ies, -ous 12, 62, 71, 109, 125, 127, 133, 145, 153, 160, 196, 223, 236, 275, 278–279, 281, 298, 316, 318–319, 351, 356, 359–361, 364, 371 ; see also disambiguate see also unambiguous
  • analogy, -ize, -izing, -ous(ly) 3, 89, 177, 178–180, 189–191, 194–195, 196, 207–208, 216, 229, 307 ; see also analogical
  • analogical see also analogy
    • comparison 40
    • learning 11, 190–191, 195
    • paradox 189, 194
    • reasoning 189–190, 192, 196
    • structure mapping 10, 177, 180, 189–190, 192–193
  • anaphor(s), -a, -ic 2, 15, 17, 147, 216, 218, 280, 296–297, 351–2, 354–355, 357–362, 366–370, 372–374, 377
    • complex anaphor, see complex
  • animal (term(s)) 21, 26–27, 32–33, 36, 42, 118, 183, 253, 308, 329, 331, 333–335
  • answer (linguistic phenomenon, behavioral response) 17, 55, 136, 142, 188, 216, 226–227, 230, 237, 240, 242, 253, 262, 264, 267, 271–272, 275, 278, 281, 282–285, 294–295, 318–319, 332, 337, 343, 348, 364–374
    • single answer 281, 283–285, 294
    • pair-list answer (PLA) 281, 283–285, 294
  • antecedent 254–255, 264–265, 267, 278–280, 286, 292, 296, 355, 357–358, 376 ; see also matrix
  • antecedent-contained deletion (ACD) 12, 278, 281, 286–288, 294, 296–297
  • aspect, -ual(ity) 9, 46, 64–65, 86, 89–90, 92, 95–97, 99–100, 103–105, 110–118, 121, 126, 134, 147, 150, 237, 268 see also tense
    • imperfective aspect 96, 99–100, 111–112, 116–117, 121, 126
    • lexical aspect 97, 111, 115
    • perspective aspect 9, 46, 74, 86, 95–97, 99–100, 103–106, 108, 111–118, 121, 126, 147, 268
  • assert(s), -ed, -ing, -ion, -ive 11, 96, 99, 105, 204–205, 208–209, 215, 219, 220, 229, 232, 237, 240, 242–243, 256–258, 261, 268, 277, 302, 311
  • atelic 98–99, 101, 104, 108, 110, 117, 125–129, 132–133, 137, 139–145, 159 ; see also telic

B

  • bare noun(s) (phrase) 141, 144, 363
  • Bates-Macarthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) 163
  • belief 11, 91, 197–205, 208–209, 211–219, 221–222, 225–229, 231, 237–238, 240–245, 326–327, 338, 344–345, 347–348, 354, 357, 376
    • false belief(s) 11, 217–219, 221–222, 226–231, 240–245, 326, 338, 345, 347–348
  • binding 2, 5, 14, 16, 218, 273, 295–296, 351–352, 358, 362, 364, 376–377
  • bootstrap, -ping 3, 10–11, 40, 123–124, 130–131, 133, 145–146, 153, 172, 175–176, 196–198, 200–201, 203, 206, 215–217, 219–220, 241
    • event structural 10, 123–124, 130–131, 133, 145–146
    • semantic 201
    • syntactic 3, 11, 153, 172, 175–176, 196–198, 200, 203, 206, 215–217, 219–220

C

  • c-command 282, 290–293
  • category 24–27, 32–33, 38, 41, 68, 71, 74, 91, 189–190, 195, 224
  • causal, -ity 10, 48, 88, 149, 154, 156–163, 167, 171–173
  • cause 96, 113, 146, 159, 167
  • change(-)of-state 72–73, 99, 101–103, 108–109, 118, 131, 134, 150, 156–157, 159
  • child-directed speech see speech
  • CHILDES 43, 49, 74–75, 90–91, 210, 219, 230, 251, 273, 364
  • clause 11, 64, 100, 102, 105, 107, 189–190, 197–198, 200, 202–203, 204–205, 208–209, 210–216, 220–223, 230–237, 240, 242–243, 254–255, 264–267, 272, 281, 286 see also complement see also embedded see also infinitive see also infinitival see also tensed
    • embedded 11, 210–211, 213–214, 223, 233
    • main 11, 197, 203, 204–205, 208, 212, 215
    • matrix 222, 232–236
    • relative 231, 272
    • subordinate 197–198, 200, 203, 212, 214–215
    see also finite
  • clitic(s), -ized 98, 100, 105–107, 109–110, 112, 117, 120, 351–358, 362–363, 365–368, 376–377
  • cluster, -ing 11, 26, 178, 197–199, 201–202, 205
  • cognitive bias 45, 59, 61
  • collective (interpretation) 261, 360–361
  • comparative(s) (construction(s)) 12, 275, 278, 280, 282, 290–291, 295–296
  • competence 2, 43, 64, 147, 174, 206, 228, 295, 297, 327
  • complement, -ation 11, 14, 129, 157, 200, 202–205, 216, 218, 221–222, 226–228, 230–242, 357 ; see also clause see also embedded see also finite see also infinitival see also tensed
  • complementarity 73, 90–92
  • complementizer 208–210, 212, 224, 230, 283, 288–289 ; see also clause see also complement
  • complex
    • anaphor, reflexive 351, 358–359, 361–363, 365, 366–372, 374, 376
    • event 74, 85, 125, 138, 139–140, 146
    • verb 126–127, 129, 147
  • comprehension 7, 10, 12, 24, 31, 36, 42, 86, 89–90, 92, 111–112, 115–118, 121, 123–124, 131–135, 139–141, 143, 145, 150, 153, 160, 162, 174–175, 190, 195, 220, 227, 230, 239, 243, 347, 368, 377 ; see also competence see also performance see also production
  • computational model(ing) 191–192, 197, 217, 220
  • concept(s), -ual(ization) 3–4, 8–9, 14–15, 21, 24–25, 28, 37–41, 45–48, 50–51, 62–64, 67–68, 87–89, 124, 131, 135, 145–146, 153–154, 157–159, 168, 173, 175, 194, 201–202, 215, 217, 220, 237, 241, 243, 323, 363
  • conditional(s) 254–255, 258–260, 264–265, 267, 273, 318
    • truth(-) conditional 5–6
  • conjunct, -ion, -ive 250–251, 253, 255, 256–257, 260–261, 262, 267–269, 271–272, 323, 330, 341, 355
  • construction 3, 10–12, 15, 25, 28, 89, 96–98, 103–104, 111, 146, 174, 176, 177–183, 185, 187–196, 237, 275, 278, 282, 290–291, 295–296, 352, 354, 356–357, 363, 369–370
  • consumption see verb(s)
  • contain, -ment (relation, construction) 25, 28–30, 38, 41, 191
  • context, -ual(ly) 6, 12, 17–18, 22–23, 26, 39, 42–43, 50, 58, 67, 72, 86, 88, 92, 104, 117, 127, 130, , 149, 158, 174, 179–180, 189, 198–199, 201–202, 206, 210–211, 220, 223, 225, 232, 234, 236, 237–238, 243, 259–260, 280, 289, 292, 301–304, 306, 308–318, 320–321, 323, 325, 329–332, 341–344, 348, 351–354, 356, 359, 361, 364, 368–369, 373, 375–376
  • contrast 22, 24–25, 31, 37–39, 41, 104, 128, 157, 163, 238, 240, 256, 318, 321, 332, 346, 351, 356–359, 360, 364, 369–371, 374–375
  • conventional, -ity 7, 16, 24–26, 345 ; see also implicature(s)
  • conversational implicature see implicature
  • Cooperative Principle 6, 25
  • covered picture task 308–309
  • creation see verb(s)
  • cross-linguistic(ally) 1, 2, 5, 11, 41, 45, 62, 65, 67, 69, 85, 87–89, 116, 118, 123–124, 146, 148, 156, 176, 194, 197, 200, 202–204, 217, 240
    • diversity 1
    • variation, variability 2, 124, 200, 202, 217
    • universals 2
  • crossover 283, 297
  • culmination see event

D

  • de se 362
  • declarative 12, 203–205, 208–209, 215, 249–252, 254, 258, 264, 272, 277
  • definite, -ness 16, 109–110, 118, 128–129, 141, 144, 180, 226, 243, 251, 272–274, 303, 310–315, 321–324 ; see also indefinite
  • deictic, deixis 9, 11, 45–49, 51, 55–56, 58–62, 221–224, 227, 232–234, 236, 241–242, 244–245
    • center 9, 45, 45–49, 51, 55–56, 58–62
  • desire 11, 61, 197–200, 202–205, 208–209, 211–217, 244, 326–327, 337
  • Developmental Language Disorder 10, 124 see Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
  • direct speech see speech
  • disambiguate, -ion, -ing 37, 196, 219 ; see also ambiguous see also unambiguous
  • disjunct, -ion, -ive 6, 15, 249–251, 253, 257–262, 268, 271–273, 328–330, 341–342, 346
  • distributive, -ity (interpretation) 261, 284–285, 295, 324, 360–361, 376
  • domain 8, 21, 25–37, 40, 42, 45–48, 69, 102, 123, 130, 134, 138–140, 143, 146, 150, 179–180, 198, 216, 227, 229, 237, 257, 260–261, 280, 297, 346, 364, 371
  • downward entailing, -ment see entail, -ment
  • durative see event

E

  • E-type 294, 296 ; see also pronoun
  • ellipsis (verb phrase) (VPE) 12, 255–256, 274–275, 278–282, 286, 291, 296
  • embedded 11, 109, 208, 210, 213–214, 221, 223, 225, 227, 230–231, 233, 235, 237, 278–279, 281, 286–289, 294, 297, 307, 357 ; see also clause see also complement see also finite see also infinitive see also infinitival see also matrix see also tensed
  • end see also goal see also result see also source see also telic, -ity
    • -point 32
    • state 9–10, 12, 101–103, 109, 118, 123–127, 130–131, 133–140, 142–146
    • state orientated, -ation 10, 102, 123–126, 130–131, 133–135, 137, 140, 143, 145–146
  • entail, -ing, -ment 5, 10, 13, 71, 87, 95–100, 102–103, 108, 111–112, 114, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125–127, 129–130, 132, 135, 140, 145, 148, 157–159, 163, 168, 171, 173, 250, 255–256, 258, 267, 271–272, 274, 331–332, 342
    • downward entailing, -ment 5, 250, 255–256, 258, 267, 271–272, 274
  • event 4, 7–9, 11, 17, 21, 28, 31–32, 38, 40–43, 45–47, 49–64, 67–69, 71–74, 76–77, 79, 81–85, 87–91, 93, 95–99, 101, 104–105, 108, 110, 113–118, 121, 123–127, 129–133, 135, 137–150, 153–176, 178, 180–181, 185, 189, 233–234, 238–240, 285, 288, 302, 347–348, 361–362, 365, 369–372, 374–375
    • complex event, see complex
    • culmination 9, 90, 95–114, 116, 118, 121, 125–131, 139–141, 144, 147–148
    • durative 9, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75–77, 80–81, 84, 86–87, 108
    • incomplete event, situation 135, 145–146
    • (-)type shift(er) 127, 129–130, 142–143, 145
    • non-culminating, -ion 9, 95–96, 101–104, 106–115, 118, 141, 144
    • punctual 9, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75–77, 80–81, 84–87, 108
  • event structural bootstrapping see bootstrapping
  • evidential(s), -ity 11, 220–222, 226–227, 232, 240–242, 245
  • Exceptional Case Marking, -ed (ECM) 357
  • exhaustive, -ity 150, 253, 257–258, 261, 285, 322, 324, 352
  • existential 12, 223, 249–257, 260–262, 264–265, 267–268, 271–273, 307, 311, 313–314
    • expression 249–257, 261–262, 264, 267–268, 271, 272

F

  • false belief (task) see belief
  • featural anchor(s) 11, 203–205, 208, 215–217
  • finite 200, 221–222, 231–232, 234–238, 242, 260–261, 281, 286–290, 294, 297 see also clause see also complement see also embedded see also infinitive see also infinitival see also tensed
    • non-finite 222, 230–238, 281, 286, 294
  • free choice 249, 269, 273–274, 308, 322, 324, 347
  • frequency 31, 63, 67, 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82, 84–87, 90–91, 131, 133, 149, 178, 193, 212, 214–215
  • fuzzy 3, 190, 303 ; see also vague

G

  • gap, -py (truth value) 12–13, 301, 303–306, 311–315, 317–318, 320–324
  • generalized quantifier 5
  • goal (of event) 9, 32, 41–42, 95, 97–98, 131, 149, 162, 189, 242 ; see also end see also result see also source see also telic, -ity
  • grammar 1, 4, 6–7, 9, 12, 14–17, 46, 50, 63, 88–89, 96–97, 101, 112–115, 118, 140, 147, 149–150, 175–176, 194, 244, 252, 272, 274–276, 280–283, 288–289, 293–297, 302, 322–323, 347, 351–352, 362, 368, 374, 376 ; see also Universal Grammar (UG)
  • grammaticize(s), -ed 9, 45–51, 58, 61–62
  • Gricean 6, 13, 325–330, 333, 336, 341–345, 347 ; see also Grice
  • neo-Gricean 13, 327–328, 330, 336, 341, 343

H

  • head-of-event 125, 130, 137, 139–140, 145–146
  • hierarchy, -ical(ly) 21, 33, 130
  • hold (relation, scene) 24, 31, 184, 309
  • homogeneity, -ous 12–13, 97, 104, 109, 301–305, 310–315, 317–318, 320–324, 364, 366–367, 369, 374–375

I

  • identity 179, 226, 229, 243, 245, 273, 279, 280, 291, 294, 296, 354, 358, 360, 363, 377 see also pronoun(s)
    • sloppy 280, 291, 294–296
    • strict 280, 291, 358, 363
  • imageable, -ity 67–68, 75, 89, 91
  • imperative 203–205, 208–209, 215, 233
  • imperfective aspect see aspect
  • implicature(s) 6, 7, 12–13, 16–17, 103, 114–115, 125–129, 143, 145, 272–274, 301–315, 320–348
    • ad hoc 13, 325, 330, 332–345, 348
    • conventional 16
    • conversational 6
    • ignorance 13
    • scalar 6–7, 13, 17, 272–274, 301–315, 320, 322–330, 332–333, 336, 341–348
  • inclusion (relation) 22, 32–34
  • incomplete event, situation see event
  • incremental theme 9, 103, 108–109
  • indefinite 5, 16, 110, 226, 243, 252, 255, 273, 277, 289, 323 ; see also definite
  • indirect speech see speech
  • infinitival 209–211, 231, 238 ; see also clause see also embedded see also finite see also infinitive see also tensed see also complement
  • infinitive 48, 237 see also clause see also complement see also embedded see also finite see also infinitival see also tensed
    • verb 74, 108
  • interrogative(s) 12, 204, 208, 216, 249, 251, 258, 264, 267
  • intransitive 74, 120, 128, 141–142, 154, 160, 163, 168, 181, 195–196, 353–354, 358–359, 362, 370, 372 see also transitive
  • irrealis 49, 233, 237

J

  • join (relation) 30–31
  • joint
  • attention 22–23, 41, 43, 124
  • reference 345

K

  • kind (object) 22, 26–27, 33–35, 253, 263, 273

L

  • Language Development Survey (LDS) 67–69, 91
  • language acquisition see acquisition
  • device (LAD) 1, 15, 218
  • learnability 16–17, 95–96, 102, 113, 116–117, 148, 176, 219, 288–289, 291, 294–296, 352
  • learnable 187–188
  • learn, -ing 3–4, 8–11, 14–15, 17, 21, 23–24, 27–28, 31, 33–43, 45, 47–48, 61–62, 64–65, 67–68, 72–74, 79, 84, 87–92, 95–96, 102, 116–118, 123–124, 130–131, 141, 148–150, 153, 155, 157, 161, 168, 171–180, 182–183, 185, 187–199, 201–203, 205, 208–209, 212–213, 215, 217–220, 238, 241, 244, 288, 346, 348–349
  • lexical deficit 134, 138–139
  • lexical semantics see semantics
  • lexicon 3–4, 7–9, 15, 39–40, 43, 50, 68–69, 79, 84, 88–89, 91, 113, 124, 126, 130, 132–134, 145, 148–149, 175, 198, 219–220, 359
  • light verb see verb(s)

M

  • manner 6, 9, 10–11, 28, 31–32, 37, 42–43, 67–69, 71–73, 75–79, 81, 84, 87–92, 95, 101, 123–124, 131, 143, 145–146, 164, 168–169, 307, 313, 359 see also adverb see also path
    • adverb 359
    • bias 1, 71–72, 79, 101–102, 123–124, 131, 143, 145–146
    • maxim 6
    • -of-motion 32, 43, 72
    • verb 69, 71, 73, 78–79, 84, 88–89, 101
  • matrix see also clause see also embedded
    • antecedent 286
    • pronoun (her, him, she) 290
    • reading/interpretation 279, 281, 286–289
    • sentence 231
    • subject 223–225, 231–233, 235–236
    • verb 230, 289
    • VP 286–289
  • maxim 6, 284
  • maximality, -ization 274, 323, 347
  • meaning 1, 3–15, 18–19, 21–26, 28, 31, 33–34, 37–38, 40–43, 46, 48, 67–68, 71–73, 86, 88–92, 95–98, 100–104, 108–109, 111–118, 123–124, 127, 130, 135, 140, 147–151, 153–156, 159–160, 173–178, 181–183, 185, 187–188, 193–195, 197–198, 200, 202, 204, 213–214, 216–218, 223–224, 230, 237, 245, 249–251, 253–254, 256, 258–259, 265, 267–268, 271–273, 280, 297, 301, 303, 307, 309–313, 322, 324–325, 341–343, 346–347, 351, 356–357, 367, 371, 377
  • member(s), -ship 21–22, 24, 27, 32, 34, 179, 253, 331, 342, 364
  • mereology, -ical 97, 103, 109, 114
  • meronymy 33–34
  • modal(s), -ity see verb(s)
  • mood (indicative, subjunctive) 65, 203, 218, 220
  • morphology, -ical 9, 46, 48, 64, 71, 95, 97, 106–107, 116, 129, 131, 134, 140, 210, 226, 237, 324, 351–353, 357–358, 362–363, 365, 367–371, 375
  • motion 11, 21, 28, 31–32, 37–38, 40–43, 72, 89, 95, 101, 117, 127, 129, 131, 134, 145, 149, 154, 156–158, 160–163, 167–168, 171–173, 175–176, 183, 189 ; see also verb(s)
  • move, -ment (overt, covert) 2, 5, 12, 72, 220, 237, 275–280, 283, 286, 288–289, 294, 296, 352, 357

N

  • near-reflexives see reflexive(s)
  • negation 5–6, 16–17, 254–256, 258, 273, 295, 307–308, 310–311, 313, 317–321, 323
  • negative polarity item (NPI) 5, 249, 264, 273–274, 296
  • neo-Gricean see Gricean
  • non-culmination see culmination
  • non(-)finite see also clause see also complement see finite see infinitival
  • noun 9, 14–15, 21, 23, 32, 37, 39–40, 68, 71, 74, 85–86, 88–92, 99, 110–111, 123, 138, 141, 143–144, 148, 153–161, 173, 176, 178, 194, 197–198, 225–226, 235, 237, 243, 252–253, 323, 341, 354, 363
  • novel (word) 10, 14, 23–24, 33, 37, 41, 68, 72, 84, 87–88, 90, 131, 134, 153–154, 156, 159–164, 166–172, 175, 182
    • construction 10, 177, 180–183, 188, 190, 194, 196

O

  • observability problem 198, 202
  • ontogenesis 32, 34
  • overlap 11, 31, 33, 179–182, 190, 193, 258, 267, 346

P

  • pair-list answer (PLA) see answer
  • participant (of event) 4, 9–10, 67, 69, 71, 74–77, 82–85, 153–163, 167–168, 171–173, 178
  • particle
    • particle verb(s), see verb
    • verb particle(s) 10, 30, 32, 71, 97–98, 100, 102, 104–105, 107–110, 112, 116, 123, 126–127, 129–130, 132–134, 141–146, 148, 150, 216, 264, 363, 369
  • partition 5, 13, 15, 89, 148, 351, 356, 359–362, 364, 366–367, 369, 371, 373–376
  • path (of motion, events) 28, 32, 37, 41–42, 69, 72, 88–89, 95, 101, 124, 162, 168, 183–184 ; see also goal see also manner see also source
  • patient 10–11, 74, 154–157, 159, 161, 163, 167–168, 172–173, 178, 180, 190–191, 194 ; see also proto-
  • perfective, -ity see aspect see also, telic-perfective
  • performance 2, 7, 48–49, 56–57, 60, 62, 137–140, 144, 146, 166–167, 171–172, 187, 203, 206, 213, 240, 297, 308, 325, 334, 336, 339, 341, 343
  • personal taste (adjective(s) (of), predicate(s) (of)) 222, 224, 234, 236 ; see also adjective(s) ((of) personal taste)
  • perspective 11, 39, 46, 63, 74, 99, 130, 158, 221–222, 224, 226–227, 231–234, 237, 240
  • point(-)of(-) view (PoV) 11, 218, 221, 224–226, 229, 231–237, 240–244
  • polarity sensitive expression 253–256, 258–262, 272–273
  • pragmatic(s) 6–8, 10, 12–17, 25, 34, 39, 42, 90, 95, 102–103, 114–116, 118, 123–126, 129, 134, 137, 145–146, 148–149, 205, 217–219, 229–230, 235, 243, 245, 299, 314, 319, 322–328, 330, 332, 345–347, 352–353, 359–362, 364–366, 368–370, 373, 375, 377
  • predicate(s) of personal taste 243 ; see also adjective(s) of personal taste see personal taste see personal taste adjective(s)
  • preferential-looking (task) 10, 161, 174, 189
  • preposition 22, 28, 32, 40–43, 150, 168, 210
    • prepositional phrase 168, 210
  • presuppose, -ition 6, 12–13, 16–17, 176, 218–220, 249, 256–257, 273, 301–311, 315–324, 346, 374 see also projection problem
    • accommodation 6, 317–318, 320, 322, 324
    • failure 13, 302–303, 315–320
  • principles and parameters 2, 273
  • pro 2, 17
  • PRO 2
  • produce, -tion, -ing 2, 4, 24–27, 31, 36, 42, 48, 64, 71–72, 84, 86, 90, 92, 104, 112, 116–117, 123–124, 131–134, 145, 163, 169, 176, 178, 180, 182, 191–193, 195, 220, 223, 227, 243, 251, 258–259, 262–263, 267, 270, 284–285, 288, 294, 347, 377 ; see also comprehension see also speech see also vocabulary
  • progressive alignment 191, 195
  • projection rule(s) 11, 199–209, 215–217
  • projection problem (of presuppositions) 323
  • pronominal reference see reference
  • pronoun(s) 2, 11, 109, 160, 194, 221–223, 226–227, 232–234, 236, 241–245, 275, 279–280, 282, 288, 290–296, 324, 354–355, 357–358, 361, 364, 376–377 ; see also E-type see also identity
  • property, -ies 6, 8, 16, 21, 21–22, 27–28, 32, 34–36, 49, 67–68, 84–85, 87, 95–97, 99, 110, 113, 126–127, 129–130, 134, 157, 161, 167, 175, 199, 221, 227–228, 237, 251, 256, 263, 267, 270–272, 323, 347, 352, 360
  • propositional attitude(s) (verb) see verb
  • prosody, prosodic 53, 264, 267, 270, 282
  • proto- 10, 157–159, 161, 163, 167–168, 171, 173–174, 220
    • agent, agency 10, 157–159, 161, 163, 167–168, 171, 173
    • patient 10, 159, 161, 163, 167–168, 173
    • role 15, 157–158, 173–174, 220
  • psychological predicate 356, 358
  • punctual see event

Q

  • quantification, -al (QNP) 5, 6, 15–17, 99, 117, 148–150, 251, 255, 258, 260–263, 269, 271, 275, 277–279, 283–284, 286, 289, 296, 308, 322–323, 360–361, 376
  • quantifier (universal) 5, 12, 17, 249, 254–255, 257–258, 260, 274–275, 281–285, 294–297
    • Quantifier Raising (QR) 5, 12, 275, 277–281, 283, 286, 288–289, 295, 297
  • quantized, -ation 97–100, 103, 108–111, 127–130, 132, 141, 143–146
  • question(s) 12, 15, 17, 22, 35, 38, 135–137, 139, 142–143, 150, 188, 193, 196, 204, 216, 220, 226, 230, 237, 240–242, 244, 249–253, 257–273, 275–277, 281–285, 294–295, 331, 337–338, 343, 348, 351, 359, 360, 365–366, 368–372 see also interrogative(s)
    • under discussion 343, 371
    • /statement task 12, 262, 265–266, 269–270

R

  • R-expression 282, 290–292, 295, 354
  • reference 3, 12, 17, 37, 39, 46, 73, 88–89, 96, 99–100, 115, 117, 149, 158, 168, 181, 223, 227, 232, 234, 237, 242–243, 271, 275, 280, 282, 290–291, 293–297, 323, 326, 345, 348, 351–352, 354, 358, 361, 370–371, 377 ; see also referent
  • pronominal 12, 275, 280, 282, 290
  • referent(s), -ial 14, 22–23, 27, 67, 71, 73, 85, 100–112, 121, 127, 153–155, 158–161, 163, 168, 172–173, 218, 220, 223–225, 234–235, 240, 253, 255, 290, 292–293, 331, 348, 354–355, 358–360, 362, 364, 372 ; see also reference
  • opacity 225, 234–235
  • reflexive(s), -ity 2, 13, 98, 106–107, 112, 116–117, 351–376, 377
    • clitic 98, 106, 110, 112, 117, 351–358, 363–368, 377
    • near(-) 13, 351–355, 358–360, 362, 364–375
  • relation 3, 4, 6–12, 25, 32–34, 37, 99, 123, 154, 158, 173, 179–181, 189, 191, 240, 244, 279–280, 282, 290, 292, 295, 299, 317–318, 354–355, 358–362, 374
    • maxim 6
    • carry 31, 108
    • hold 24, 31
    • opposite 32, 34–35
    • part of 32–33, 108, 355
  • relational word inventory 132, 149
  • result (of event, verb) 9, 32, 38, 67–69, 71–73, 75–79, 81, 84, 86–88, 90–92, 95–96, 98, 100–108, 112–113, 125 ; see also end see also goal see also resultative see also telic, -ity
  • resultative 105, 121, 126–127, 129–131, 133–134, 141, 145–146, 148, 150, 178 ; see also result

S

  • scalar implicature see implicature
  • scalar semantics 95, 103
  • scope, -al 5, 6, 12, 16, 230, 254–256, 273–274, 277–278, 283–284, 289, 295–297, 307, 352
  • semantic bootstrapping see bootstrapping
  • semantic(s), -ally 1, 3–18, 21, 26–28, 32–33, 34–35, 37–38, 40– 43, 45, 63, 64, 67–71, 74–75, 76–77, 80, 84–87, 90–93, 95–99, 100–103, 105, 107–108, 111–118, 123–131, 133–135, 137, 140, 143, 145–151, 153–158, 161, 168, 171–174, 176, 178, 180–181, 185, 187–188, 192, 195–196, 199, 201–209, 211–214, 216–220, 224, 229–230, 242–243, 249, 251–253, 255, 257, 260, 264, 268, 272–275, 277, 280, 285, 295–297, 299, 301–302, 305, 316, 319–324, 345–348, 351–354, 356, 358–362, 375–377 see also syntax-semantics interface
    • dimension(s) 69, 71, 74–75, 77, 86, 150
    • domain(s) 8, 21, 26–28, 32–33, 35, 37, 42
    • feature(s) 3, 8–9, 67–68, 80, 85–87, 90, 103, 199, 206
    • formal semantics 3–4, 99, 253
    • gap 252–253
    • impairment(s) 123, 134, 137
    • lexical(-)semantics 3, 8–10, 17, 42, 67, 87, 90–91, 95, 98, 100–103, 113–114, 127, 129–131, 140, 146, 148–149
    • (-)role(s) 9–10, 154, 157, 161, 168, 172–173, 195, 218, 358
    • -syntax linking 185–187
    • syntactic-semantic 99, 124, 155–156, 275, 280
  • situation see event
  • sloppy identity, reference see identity
  • slot-and-frame pattern 10, 177–178, 180, 192
  • source (of event) 32, 39, 41–42, 131, 149 ; see also end see also goal see also result
  • space, spatial 8, 24, 28–30, 32, 36–38, 41, 43, 50, 54, 64–65, 173, 176, 221, 223, 232–234, 236
  • speaker 6–8, 11, 13, 23, 25, 30–32, 36–37, 39, 46–47, 92, 98–99, 158, 163–164, 169, 191, 204–205, 218, 221–226, 231–239, 254, 257–258, 263, 275, 283, 301, 303–304, 306–308, 311, 315, 317, 321, 325–330, 332, 334, 341–345, 348, 360, 371–372
  • Specific Language Impairment (SLI) 10, 117, 123–124, 133–135, 137–141, 143–150
  • speech
  • act 204–205, 216, 219, 238–239, 250, 264
  • child-directed speech 11, 41, 84, 87, 205, 209, 217
  • direct speech 221, 223, 232, 233–236, 238
  • indirect speech 204–205, 216, 219, 222, 233, 235, 238–239
  • spontaneous speech 104, 132–133, 145
  • statue sentences 13, 351–356, 358–360, 362–375
  • strict identity see identity
  • structural alignment 179, 181, 190, 192, 194
  • structure mapping 10, 153, 155–156, 172, 177, 179–180, 182–183, 188–190, 192–193, 195 ; see also analogical structure mapping
  • subordinate see clause
  • support (relation) 24–25, 28–29, 31, 41
  • syntactic bootstrapping see bootstrapping
  • syntax 1–2, 3–6, 8–17, 39, 90–91, 115, 117, 124, 126, 134, 138, 146, 148–149, 153–156, 158–160, 168, 172–174, 176–177, 180, 185–189, 193, 195, 197, 201–205, 218–221, 225, 228–231, 237, 242–243, 273, 285, 295–297, 322, 346, 352–353, 358, 375–377
    • morpho(-)syntax, -ctic 127, 130, 134, 138, 146, 220
    • syntax-semantics (interface) 3–4, 12, 124

T

  • telic, -ity 9, 10, 86, 92, 95–99, 100–104, 100–117, 120, 123–146, 176 see also atelic see also goal
    • -perfective (predicates, sentences) 9, 95–96, 100, 104, 106, 111–113
    • compositional telicity 99, 103, 107, 110, 112, 115, 127, 132, 141–142, 145–146, 150
    • non- 125, 131
    • predicate telicity 99, 103, 107, 109–110, 112
    • semantic telicity 125, 127–129, 135, 145–146
    • pragmatic telicity 124–125, 129, 145–146
    • marker(s) 127–130, 132, 141–146
  • temporal, -ity 8, 9, 45–65, 73, 88, 97–98, 115, 117–118, 125–126, 149, 160, 175, 221, 233–234, 236
    • adverb(s), see adverb(s)
    • adverbial modification test 126
    • remoteness 45–46, 48, 51–52, 57, 62
  • tense(d) 11, 45–54, 57–58, 63–65, 86, 95–97, 100, 104–105, 108, 115, 117–118, 134, 148, 170, 197, 199–204, 208, 210–212, 215, 221–222, 226, 230–233, 235–237, 240, 242–243, 245, 281, 286, 288–289, 297 see also aspect
    • -aspect markers 96, 100, 104
  • tensed (clause, complement) 11, 197, 199–200, 202–203, 212, 222, 230–231, 233, 235, 237, 240, 281, 286, 288, 297 see also clause see also complement see also embedded see also finite see also infinitive see also infinitival
    • untensed 212, 233
  • Theory of Mind 11, 218, 221, 226–229, 231, 235, 240–245, 325, 333, 336–341, 344–345, 348–349
  • thinking for speaking 9, 17, 48, 50, 58, 62–63, 65
  • timeline (task) 8, 45, 47, 49, 51–54, 56, 58, 62
  • toddler(s) 9, 67–74, 77–80, 82–88, 91, 154, 159–161, 172–173
  • transitive 10–11, 74, 99, 105–108, 116, 119–120, 144, 153–164, 166–169, 171–175, 178, 180–181, 191–192, 194, 277, 356, 365, 370 ; see also intransitive
  • tripartite structure 5, 6, 11
  • truth 5, 25, 160, 203–205, 221–222, 225–226, 231–233, 235–238, 240, 242–243, 249, 256, 258, 261, 268, 292, 301–303, 305–306, 309, 311, 316–317, 319–321, 323–324, 328, 332, 360 see also gap (truth value) see also Truth(-)Value Judgment Task (TVJT)
    • condition(s), -al 5, 6, 226, 256, 261, 268, 287, 301, 360
  • Truth(-)Value Judgment Task (TVJT) 5, 12, 104, 118, 135, 223, 287, 292–293, 302, 312, 315
  • typological prevalence (hypothesis) (TPH) 45–48, 50, 58–59, 61–64

U

  • unambiguous, -ly 71, 109, 130, 187, 289, 361 ; see also ambiguous see also disambiguate
  • Universal Grammar (UG) 1–2, 4, 6, 15, 17, 176, 194, 295, 322, 352, 361–363, 368, 375
  • utterance(s) 2, 23, 33, 46, 74, 133, 178–179, 195, 215, 223, 233, 237, 240, 250–251, 263, 270, 292, 307, 325, 329–332, 340–344

V

  • vague, -ness 12–13, 301–305, 311, 315–322, 324 ; see also fuzzy
  • verb(s) 3, 4, 7, 9–12, 15, 17–18, 21–23, 28, 30–32, 38, 40, 42–43, 46, 51, 64, 67–92, 95–110, 112–121, 123–135, 137–143, 145–150, 153–164, 166–178, 181–182, 185, 188, 191, 194–222, 224, 230, 232–233, 237–238, 240, 244, 251, 255–257, 260–262, 268, 271–273, 275, 277–278, 289, 303, 308, 353–354, 356–357, 359, 362–363, 365, 369, 370, 372, 376
    • complex verb, see complex
    • modal (verb(s)) 46, 238, 251, 257, 260–262, 264, 268–269, 271–273
    • of consumption 99, 128–129, 141, 145
    • of creation 99
    • of motion 11, 28, 31–32, 37, 38, 40–43, 72, 89, 95, 101, 117, 127, 129, 131, 134, 145, 149, 154, 157, 158, 160–163, 167–168, 171, 175–176
    • light verb(s), vP 75, 130
    • particle verb 102–108, 110, 112–113, 119–120, 126–127, 130–133, 135,140–143, 145
    • propositional attitude (verb) 11, 197–199, 202, 210, 212, 214, 220, 227–228, 244, 355
    • semantic(s) 17, 97–98, 101, 114, 123, 145–146, 219
    • vP 377
  • verb phrase ellipsis (VPE) see ellipsis
  • vocabulary 9, 24–25, 35–37, 67–69, 72, 84–85, 87–92, 138–140, 163, 166–167, 169, 171, 175, 218, 221, 229, 231, 242
    • productive vocabulary 72, 84, 163, 169

W

  • wh- 2, 12, 150, 193, 230, 244, 249–253, 260, 262, 264–265, 269, 271–273, 275–277, 280–285, 295–297, 352, 365
    • in-situ 249
  • movement 2, 276–277, 280
  • question(s) 12, 150, 193, 230, 244, 249, 252–253, 272, 275, 294, 365
  • word, phrase 12, 230, 249–253, 260, 262, 264, 269, 271–273, 275–277, 281–285, 295
  • word(-)order 1, 10, 149, 153–156, 159–164, 167–168, 171–173, 175–177, 180–183, 185, 190–191, 193, 195, 203

X

  • X-bar theory 2
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