In:Communication in Autism
Edited by Joanne Arciuli and Jon Brock
[Trends in Language Acquisition Research 11] 2014
► pp. 11–28
Chapter 1. Prelinguistic communication
Published online: 30 October 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.11.02kee
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.11.02kee
For children with autism, the development of intentional and symbolic communication can be a challenging process and some children remain at the prelinguistic stage of communicative development for extended periods. During this time, they rely on communicative behaviours that can be difficult for others to understand and interpret. Communicative forms can be subtle and idiosyncratic and may represent more than one communicative function. This can lead to frustration for the child and the communicative partner who may struggle to understand the meaning of the child’s behaviour. Many communication breakdowns can result and with the child’s limited skills to repair these breakdowns, behaviours can escalate to problematic forms. Research has shown that children with autism have higher rates of problem behaviour which limits opportunities for engagement and learning and for participation in the community. Improving our knowledge and understanding of prelinguistic behaviours may help to reduce problem behaviours and can inform interventions to support these children to communicate their needs and wants more effectively. This chapter explores our current understanding of the prelinguistic communicative forms and functions of children with autism and identifies gaps in our knowledge base and areas in need of further research. The author draws on her work in functional communication and prelinguistic behaviours and communicative repairs.
References (53)
Adamson, L., & Chance, S. (1998). Coordinating attention to people, object and language. In A. Wetherby, S. Warren & J. Reichle (Eds.), Transitions in Prelinguistic Communication (pp. 15–37). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Alexander, D., Wetherby, A., & Prizant, B. (1997). The emergence of repair strategies in infants and toddlers. Seminars in Speech and Language, 18, 197–212.
Bates, E., Camaioni, L., & Volterra, V. (1975). The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21, 205–226.
Beukelman, D.R., & Mirenda, P. (2005). Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Management of Severe Communication Disorders in Children and Adults (3rd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Brady, N.C., McLean, J.E., McLean, L.K., & Johnston, S. (1995). Initiation and repair of intentional communication acts by adults with severe to profound cognitive disabilities. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 1334–1348.
Butterfield, N. (1991). Assessment of preverbal communicative abilities in students with severe intellectual disability. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 17, 347–364.
Charman, T. (1998). Specifying the nature and course of the joint attention impairment in autism in the preschool years. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2, 61–79.
Cirrin, F., & Rowland, C. (1985). Communicative assessment of nonverbal youths with severe/profound mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 23, 52–62.
Coggins, T., & Carpenter, R. (1981). The communicative intention inventory: A system for observing and coding children’s early intentional communication. Applied Psycholinguistics, 2, 235–251.
Dore, J. (1975). Holophrases, speech acts and language universals. Journal of Child Language, 2, 21–40.
Drasgow, E., Halle, J.W., & Ostrosky, M. (1998). Effects of differential reinforcement on the generalization of a replacement mand in three children with severe language delays. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 31, 357–374.
Durand, V.M. (1993). Functional communication training using assistive devices: Effects on challenging behavior and affect. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 9, 168–176.
Durand, V.M., & Carr, E.G. (1991). Functional communication training to reduce challenging behavior: Maintenance and application in new settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 251–264.
Golinkoff, R.M. (1986). “I beg your pardon?”: The preverbal negotiation of failed messages. Journal of Child Language, 13, 455–476.
Granlund, M., & Olsson, C. (1999). Efficacy of communication intervention for presymbolic communicators. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 15, 25–37.
Halle, J.W. (1993). Innovative Assessment Measures and Practices Designed with the Goal of Achieving Functional Communication and Integration. Virginia.
Halle, J.W., Brady, N., & Drasgow, E. (2004). Enhancing socially adaptive communicative repairs of beginning communicators with disabilities. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13, 43–54.
Halliday, M. (1975). Learning how to mean. In E. Lenneberg & E. Lenneberg (Eds.), Foundations of Language Development: A Multi-disciplinary Approach (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Harris, S., Kasari, C., & Sigman, M.D. (1996). Joint attention and language gains in children with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100, 608–619.
Iacono, T., Carter, M., & Hook, J. (1998). Identification of intentional communication in students with severe and multiple disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 14, 102–114.
Iacono, T., Waring, R., & Chan, J.M. (1996). Sampling communicative behaviours in children with intellectual disability in structured and unstructured situations. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 31, 106–120.
Kasari, C., Gulsrud, A.C., Wong, C., Kwon, S., & Locke, J. (2010). Randomized controlled caregiver mediated joint engagement intervention for toddlers with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1045–1056.
Keen, D. (2001). Analysis and Enhancement of Communication Behaviour in Children with Autism. Brisbane: University of Queensland.
. (2003). Communicative repair strategies and problem behaviours of children with autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 50, 53–64.
. (2005). The use of non-verbal repair strategies by children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26, 243–254.
Keen, D., Sigafoos, J., & Woodyatt, G. (2001). Replacing prelinguistic behaviors with functional communication. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 385–398.
. (2005). Teacher responses to the communicative attempts of children with autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 17, 19–33.
Luyster, R.J., Kadlec, M.B., Carter, A.S., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2008). Language assessment and development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1426–1438.
McLean, J., & Snyder-McLean, L. (1987). Form and function of communicative behaviour among persons with severe developmental disabilities. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 13, 83–98.
McArthur, D., & Adamson, L. (1996). Joint attention in preverbal children: Autism and developmental language disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 481–496.
Meadan, H., Halle, J.W., Watkins, R.V., & Chadsey, J.G. (2006). Examining communication repairs of 2 young children with autism spectrum disorder: The influence of the environment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 15, 57–71.
Mirenda, P., Iacono, T., & Light, J. (Eds.). (2009). AAC and autism. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Mundy, P., & Crowson, M. (1997). Joint attention and early social communication: Implications for research on intervention with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 653–676.
Mundy, P., Gwaltney, M., & Henderson, H. (2010). Self-referenced processing, neurodevelopment and joint attention in autism. Autism, 14, 408–429.
Reichle, J., Beukelman, D., & Light, J. (Eds.). (2002). Implementing an Augmentative Communication System: Exemplary Strategies for Beginning Communicators. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Schuler, A., Peck, C., Willard, C., & Theimer, K. (1989). Assessment of communicative means and functions through interview: Assessing the communicative capabilities of individuals with limited language. Seminars in Speech and Language, 10, 51–62.
Sigafoos, J., Arthur-Kelly, M., & Butterfield, N. (2006). Enhancing Everyday Communication for Children with Disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Sigafoos, J., Woodyatt, G., Keen, D., Tait, K., Tucker, M., Roberts-Pennell, D., et al. (2000). Identifying potential communicative acts in children with developmental and physical disabilities. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 21(2), 77–86.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The behaviors of parents of children with autism predict the subsequent development of their children’s communication. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 77–89.
Tomasello, M. (1995). Joint attention as social cognition. In C. Moore & P. Dunham (Eds.), Joint Attention: Its Origins and Role in Development (pp. 103–130). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Tomasello, M., Conti-Ramsden, G., & Ewert, B. (1990). Young children’s conversations with their mothers and fathers: Differences in breakdown and repair. Journal of Child Language, 17, 115–130.
Warren, S., Yoder, P., Gazdag, G., Kim, K., & Jones, H. (1993). Facilitating prelinguistic communication skills in young children with developmental delay. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 83–97.
Wetherby, A., Alexander, D., & Prizant, B. (1998). The ontogeny and role of repair strategies. In A. Wetherby, S.F. Warren & J. Reichle (Eds.), Transitions in Prelinguistic Communication (Vol. 7, pp. 135–159). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Wetherby, A., & Prizant, B. (1989). The expression of communicative intent: Assessment guidelines. Seminars in Speech and Language, 10, 77–90.
. (1992). Facilitating language and communication development in autism: Assessment and intervention guidelines. In D. Berkell (Ed.), Autism: Identification, Education and Treatment (pp. 107–134). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
. (2002). Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
Wetherby, A., & Prutting, C. (1984). Profiles of communicative and cognitive-social abilities in autistic children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 364–377.
Wetherby, A., Watt, N., Morgan, L., & Shumway, S. (2007). Social communication profiles of children with autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 960–975.
Wetherby, A., Yonclas, D., & Bryan, A. (1989). Communicative profiles of preschool children with handicaps: Implications for early identification. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 54, 148–158.
Whalen, C., & Schreibman, L. (2003). Joint attention training for children with autism using behavior modification procedures. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 44, 4556–4468.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
