In:Playing with Mental Models: Humour in the BBC comedy series The Office
Henri de Jongste
[Topics in Humor Research 9] 2020
► pp. 295–301
Index
Published online: 3 June 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/thr.9.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/thr.9.index
A
- a priori intent(ions),49, 65, 68, 81–83, 116–17, 193, 208, 266, 268, 272, 274
- Abelson,32
- absentmindedness,87
- Adams,16, 33, 92, 107, 110, 113, 116–17, 119, 187–87
- adaptational strategies (Forabosco),58–59
- adaptation of private to public mental model,83, 103, 177, 268
- Adler,250, 277
- aesthetics,121, 123, 164
- aggregate role experiences,46, 246, 256
- alienation,133, 135, 147, 190–91
- ambiguity,121–22
- anticipation,64, 92–94
- Apter,10, 39–40, 71, 94, 96, 102–3, 115, 121–24, 133–34, 155, 158, 274, 277
- Archakis,108, 277
- Arnold,71, 277
- Arundale,42, 62–63, 272, 277
- Attardo,16, 35, 59, 86, 97–98, 108–10, 189, 236, 277–78
- attention,245, 262, 269
- heightened,35
- joint,36, 92
- attentional field/frame,198, 200
- audience, documentary,15, 76–78, 146
- authors (communicative role),72, 75, 110, 127, 133, 165
B
- background knowledge,9, 21, 25, 28, 30–31, 33–35, 41, 47, 49–50, 55, 67
- cultural,61, 73
- general,21, 30
- levels,47
- personal,10, 40, 109, 246
- schematic,33
- Baddiel, David,265
- Bad Education (sitcom),13
- Bain,103
- Bakare,277
- Baker,30
- banter,233–34, 271
- Bara,101, 142
- Bardon,86, 91
- Bargh,35
- Barnett,39
- Baron-Cohen,41, 61–62
- Barrett, D.,2, 15, 84, 116, 124, 132, 239
- Barrett, H.C.,84, 124, 239
- Barsalou,34
- Bateson,39
- Bednarek,273
- behaviour
- deviant,37, 251
- discursive.See discursive behaviour
- inappropriate or ineffective,67, 102, 124, 127, 268
- mechanical,87, 256
- non-discursive.See non-discursive behaviour
- behaviour(al) patterns,28, 47, 243
- behavioural clues,41
- behavioural norms,86, 130, 142, 264, 275
- behavioural residue,29–30, 48, 57, 66, 69, 103–4, 128, 160, 269
- behaviour games,101, 142
- behaviours, normative.See normative behaviours
- beliefs, (over-)committed,92, 111
- Bell,119–120, 189, 236
- Bergen,34, 60
- Bergson,86–91, 114, 256, 261
- Big School (sitcom),13
- Billig,88
- Bilmes,28
- Birdwhistell,25
- bi-sociation,95, 98, 112
- Blakeslee,32, 50, 92, 94, 114
- body movements,3, 30, 178, 274–75
- Booth,249, 251, 253–54, 257–58
- Bowers,37
- Boyd, B.,15, 32, 107, 110, 113, 116–19, 124, 270, 273
- Boyd, R.,117
- Boyer,32, 134
- Bratman,26, 57
- Brennan,42, 62–63
- Brent’s failure/flaws,237, 239, 252, 258
- Brent’s management style,260
- Brent’s role identity,247
- Brent’s role schemas,153
- Brent’s self schema,261
- Brent’s tragedy,256
- Briody,250
- British (business) culture,73, 249, 252.; See also English behavioural principles
- Brock,15, 70, 74, 78–79, 102, 109, 112, 160–61, 270–71
- Brown, P.,25–26
- Brown, S.,39
- Bryant,84, 124, 239
- Burgoon,35, 74, 88, 154, 156, 245, 260
- butt (of a joke),85, 90, 108, 118, 165, 234, 271
- Byrne, D.,66, 103, 145
- Byrne, R.,53
- bystanders (communicative role),26, 44
C
- camera crew,12, 69, 73, 76–79, 133, 145–46, 148–49, 270
- Cantor,32
- Carrell,84
- Castelli,26
- Chafe,83, 194
- character personalities,245–65
- Charniak,15
- Chartrand,35
- Chhokar,251
- Chiaro,271
- Chothia,75
- Chovanec,270
- cinematic technique,35
- cinematography,273
- Clark, A.,94
- Clark, H.H.,42, 62–63, 94, 177–81
- Clore,103
- cognition,56, 110–91–94
- cognition and emotions,56, 110–11
- cognitive dissonance,58
- cognitive models,6, 101
- cognitive model-selection mechanism,112
- cognitive shift,92–93, 96, 99, 115–16, 119, 270
- cognizing,58
- Coleridge,16, 70
- Colle,41
- collective senders,7–8, 14–15, 17–19, 21–24, 29–32, 36–45, 65–79, 88–90, 96–97, 102–5, 112–13, 119–25
- Collins,35, 39, 103
- comedy vérité,77, 155, 161
- Come fly with me (sitcom),13
- comic characters,37, 86–87, 114, 124, 166–68, 176, 236, 261, 266, 268
- Comic Relief,142, 260
- comic role performances,134, 143, 159, 164, 195
- common ground,203, 217, 239
- communicative levels,14, 23, 75–77, 79, 90, 96, 103–4, 109–10, 127, 267, 270
- bridging/merging,75, 77, 79
- level1, 69–70, 75, 95
- level2, 69–70, 75, 95
- communicative roles,71–72, 79, 145–48, 183, 202, 246
- authors.See authors (communicative role)
- bystanders.See bystanders (communicative role)
- overhearers.See overhearers (communicative role)
- ultimate destination.See ultimate destination (communicative role)
- ultimate source.See ultimate source (communicative role)
- Condon,103
- context models,26–27, 43, 274–75
- context schemas,44
- co-occurrences,32–33, 35, 55
- co-operative principle,38.; See also helpfulness principle
- Corballis,54
- Coulson,25, 34–35
- Crano,103
- Creeber,8, 12
- Crook, Mackenzie,133
- culture,9, 27, 31, 43, 47, 73, 151–82–88–92
- mono-chronic,129, 143
- culture standards,264
D
- Dad’s Army (sitcom),123
- Dale,23
- Damasio,56, 111
- de Jongste,50, 54, 83, 86, 119, 155, 160, 164–65, 249–50, 263, 268, 271–82
- Dennett,29–31, 41, 50–52, 94, 114, 117, 119, 207, 272
- Dessau,13, 99
- Desselles,10, 39, 99, 102, 122, 135, 155, 277
- diminishments,102, 123–24, 127–28, 147, 149, 155, 167–68, 189, 196–97, 224, 235
- discursive behaviour,25, 29, 53, 61, 67, 108, 146, 160, 187, 197, 275
- Dunbar,61, 275
- Dunham,92
- Duranti,154
- Dynel,7, 15–16, 18, 23, 72, 77, 98–99, 107, 109, 272
E
- Ebesu Hubbard,35, 74, 88, 154, 156, 245, 260
- embarrassment,40, 88, 95, 160, 174, 180, 193, 249
- vicarious,28, 40, 56–57, 94–95, 193
- embarrassment humour,40, 56, 75, 91, 94
- embeddedness,14, 267
- emotions,51, 56, 60, 65, 84, 88, 90, 92, 95, 104, 110–11, 115
- cognitive,114
- empathise,61
- empathy,8, 49, 56, 67, 75, 88, 104, 261
- encryption theory,124
- Enfield,37, 205, 276–83
- English behavioural principles,264
- Ermida,108
- Erten-Buch,264
- Evans,56
- expectancies,74, 154–55, 158–59, 163, 181
- predictive,74, 154–55, 158–59, 180, 245, 260
- prescriptive,74, 158
- expectancy violations,74, 155–56
- expectations,35, 43–45, 93, 97–98, 115, 117–19, 153–55, 169, 190, 192, 270, 275
- expectations and normative behaviour,74
- Eysenck,93
F
- fact and concept schemas,71
- fantasy mental models,54–55, 73, 83, 149, 169, 185–86, 189, 193–95, 236, 268–69, 271
- Fauconnier,34, 111, 194
- Ferraro,250
- Festinger,58
- Firth,25
- Fischer,264
- Flamson,84, 124, 239
- Flood,181, 235
- Forabosco,35, 58, 96–98, 101, 103, 105, 114, 121–22
- Fox,132, 205, 249, 252, 255, 264, 266
- frames,32–34, 39, 111, 137, 148
- frame-shifting,34
- Fraser,25–26
- Freud,91–92
- Friedl,53
- Fry,83
G
- Gallese,40, 56
- Garfinkel,275
- Gaut,123
- General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH),107–9, 194
- Gervais,1, 11, 13–14, 17–18, 66, 72, 85, 90, 134, 137
- Giora,35, 97
- Goffman,30, 37, 52, 83
- Goldman,15, 40
- Gordon, G.,113
- Gordon, M.,123
- Gosling,29, 160
- Graham, L.T.,29, 160
- Greve,50
- Grice,38, 52, 62, 64
- grounding,42, 62, 67
- Gruner,16, 89–91, 110, 113–85
H
- Haidt,56
- Hall,31, 44, 129, 136, 143, 151, 267
- Hamilton,28, 56
- Hammer,32
- Hampden-Turner,251
- Han,30
- Haslett,25
- Haugeland,29, 272
- Haugh,8, 58, 63–65, 82, 274
- Hawkins,32, 50, 94, 114
- Hay,155, 234
- Heider,27, 61
- helpfulness,38, 81–82, 104, 161, 165, 167, 176, 197, 202, 217, 221–22
- helpfulness principle,38, 67, 81, 168, 223
- Henricks,54
- Hickok,40
- Hobbes,84, 87, 89–91
- Hofstede, G.H.,151, 250, 260–86
- Hohwy,50
- Holland,32
- Holmes, Janet,120
- Holmes, Jonathan,11
- House,151, 250–280
- human nature,9, 31, 46–47.; See also universal human characteristics
- humorous intent(ions),17–18, 81, 83–84, 86, 89, 103–5, 109, 112, 118–120, 124, 127–28, 132–33, 136, 140–41, 144–49, 161–66, 193, 227–28, 267–71
- humorous interaction,38, 84, 91, 94, 107, 116, 124, 127, 235–36, 239, 242
- humorous manipulations,21, 96, 133, 137, 148, 240
- humour
- accidental,114, 271
- aggressive,165, 271
- conversational,236, 271
- disclosure,99, 102–3, 122, 135
- distortion,102–4, 122
- first-person,111
- function of,118
- garden-path,58
- non-transition,123
- social aspect of,112, 117
- third-person,111
- transition,123
- humour theories,96, 105, 109–10, 113–14, 118, 122
- classical/traditional,81, 103, 115, 269–70
- humour theories and mental models,81–125
- Hurley, Dennett and Adams’ theory of humour,16, 33–35, 56, 92–94, 107, 110–14, 116–17, 119, 124, 187, 270
- Husserl,154
- Hyde,47
- Hymes,25–26
I
- Iacoboni,30, 40, 56, 61–62
- idealized cognitive models (ICMs),111
- identity synergy,96, 121, 133–34, 145, 149, 160, 194–95
- incongruity,35, 81, 97–99, 101–3, 105, 110, 114–15, 117, 121–22, 269, 271
- residual,103
- incongruity resolution,98, 101–2, 107–8
- incongruity theories,93, 97–99, 105, 110, 113–14, 269
- intent(ions),1, 3, 5, 8, 38, 40, 42, 57, 60–65, 81–82, 110, 266, 268, 272, 274
- communicative,82
- humorous.See humorous intent(ions)
- manipulative,82
- a priori.See a priori intent(ions)
- intentionality,50, 56, 272
- higher-order,60–61, 79, 113, 181
- interactants,28–29, 43–47, 61, 63, 66–68, 79, 81, 127–29, 148, 190, 208, 233–34, 236, 269, 272
- interaction, levels of,97, 128.; See also communicative levels
- interaction engine,37, 62
- interactionist approaches,107, 119–120
- interlocutors (communicative role),75, 77–78
- irony,102, 118, 122, 141, 192, 228, 264, 266, 271
J
- Jacob,56, 61
- JITSA (just-in-time spreading activation),33
- Johansson,27
- Johnson,34
- Johnson-Laird,3, 6, 22
- jokes,14, 55, 84, 98–99, 109, 117, 119, 231, 233–34, 239, 243
- canned,16, 58
- garden-path,99
- practical,93, 123, 135, 225–27, 258
- pre-conceived,108
- joking,91, 118–19, 190, 230–31
- conversational,108
- Jorgensen,228
K
- Kahneman,34–35, 46, 50, 56, 92, 111
- Kant,93, 97
- Katz,228
- Kecskés,8, 272
- Kendon,25–87
- Kerr,10, 39, 70, 121, 277
- Khemlani,272
- Kintsch,33, 186
- knowledge resources,50, 107–9
- Koestler,35, 95, 97–98, 112
- Kotthoff,119–120, 236, 271
- Kozak,27
- Kozic,83, 108
- Krach,28, 40, 56–57, 88, 94–95, 193
- Kress,274
- Krikmann,92
- Krych,62–63
- Kuipers,235
L
- Laanen,12
- Lakoff,34, 111
- Latta,16, 92–97, 99, 114–15
- laughter,84, 91–92, 114, 117
- level
- fictional,13–14, 69, 75, 77; See also communicative levels, level 2
- real-world,14; See also communicative levels, level 1
- level of communication.See communicative levels
- levels of (situational) context,44, 55.; See also levels of abstraction/generalisation
- levels of abstraction/generalisation,55, 108, 223–24
- levels of personality,46
- Levinson,8, 37, 52, 60, 62, 64, 71–73, 75–76
- Lim,37
- Liu,23
- Livingstone,70
M
- MacInnes,71, 277
- Malle,29–30, 41, 52, 61
- management roles,37, 212
- management skills,250, 257–58
- manipulative intent,49, 65, 81, 83, 104, 168–69, 171, 208–9
- Marra,120
- Marszalek,16, 122, 242
- Martin,39, 84, 86, 92, 98, 107–89
- Matsumoto’s situation template,9–10, 25, 27–28, 31, 43–47, 50, 57, 70, 74, 246, 249, 273–75
- Mayerhofer,58, 99
- McAdams,46
- McGhee,114
- mental-model construction,8–9, 25, 31–33, 35, 38, 42–43, 46–48, 53, 78, 81, 114, 117, 269–70
- mental models
- coherence,54, 98, 141, 173, 175, 182, 186, 242, 272
- components,21, 128, 192
- exchange and co-ordination of,100, 104, 198, 200, 202, 204, 211, 213, 221, 230, 235
- fantasy.See fantasy mental models
- manipulated,84, 104, 122, 167, 176, 190, 192, 210
- overlapping,23, 47, 50, 104, 151, 197–98, 214, 216–17
- overlapping private,89, 117, 212, 222, 269
- overlapping public,63, 66, 82, 125, 215, 217, 232
- primary,22–23
- private.See private mental models
- properties of,48–49, 51–67
- public.See public mental models
- re-constructing,8, 21–22, 30
- structure.See Matsumoto’s situation template
- mental models and humour,124
- mental-model theory,8–10, 17, 93, 96, 98–99, 103, 107, 109, 113, 116, 118–120, 122, 272–73
- mental model theory and discourse,271
- mental model theory and humour studies,267
- mental model theory and situations,273
- mental processes,9, 27, 29–30, 39, 66, 72, 94, 262, 269, 274
- deficient/flawed/inferior,88, 174, 207
- mental processes and behaviors,27
- mental spaces,34, 92, 107, 111–13, 270
- Merchant,1, 11, 13–14, 18, 66, 72, 75, 134
- meta-communication,103, 105, 112
- meta-humour,40, 128, 134, 143, 164, 167, 189, 193, 236
- meta-motivational state
- para-telic,39–40, 66–67, 71, 81, 103–4, 112–13, 115, 118–19, 121, 163, 165–67, 224, 228, 230, 242–43
- telic,39–40, 67, 71, 81, 84, 115, 121, 166–68, 224, 230, 234, 242–43
- Meyer,118
- micro-level (situation),44, 65
- Miles,54
- Mills,1, 8, 13, 77, 155, 161
- Milner Davis,86–88, 256, 261
- mind-reading skills/ability,3, 8, 42, 50, 67, 94, 100, 120, 166, 171, 182
- Minkov,151
- Minsky,32
- mirror neurons,40, 56–86
- mirth,28, 92–93, 111, 114
- Missie Aarde (sitcom),12
- Mitchell,51
- mock mental models,54–55, 83, 133, 189–90, 192–93, 195–96, 233, 235–36, 239, 268–69, 271
- Mole,131, 249, 251–52
- Moll,36
- Moniz Pereira,30
- mono-chronic time,129
- Moore,92
- Morreall,84, 86, 92, 97, 99, 103, 107, 110, 113–19, 123–24, 270
- Morris, D.,206
- Morry,103
- motivation,56, 156, 277
- movements.See body movements
- Mrs Brown’s Boys (sitcom),13, 270
- Muir,47
N
- Németh T,65, 82
- Nerhardt,96
- Nishida,32–33, 36, 43–44, 46, 50, 71, 158, 182, 245
- non-discursive behaviour,29–30, 41, 49, 51, 53, 61–62, 64, 67, 159–61, 180, 182, 272, 274–75
- non-normative behaviour,102, 104, 136, 140, 143, 160–63, 177, 179, 213
- normative behaviours,43–45, 70, 74, 79, 85, 137, 142, 160–61, 163, 191, 234–35, 245, 251
- Norrick,15, 271–90
- Norris,29, 41, 136, 274–75
- Nuyts,272
O
- Oberman,60
- objects (of play),10–11, 48, 67, 118, 134, 147, 187, 195, 270
- objects, lifeless,32, 134, 195
- Oring,123
- overhearers (communicative role),76, 78, 146
- ratified,146–47
- targetted,76, 78
- ownership claims,137–39
P
- Palmer,83, 116
- Panksepp,38–39, 111
- para-telic meta-motivational state.See meta-motivational state, para-telic
- perception,96, 98, 101–2, 110, 115, 265, 270–71, 275, 277
- perceptual symbols,34–35
- Perner,41
- personalities,27, 31, 46–47, 243, 245–46, 250, 266, 275, 277–81–88
- personality level,46
- person schemas,33, 44, 46–47, 182, 224, 240, 245, 255
- perspective,3, 7, 15, 19, 22–23, 41, 49, 86, 89, 91, 95–96
- Pessoa,56, 111
- Pfeiffer,53
- Piazza,273
- Pien,98, 112
- plausibility,54, 83, 116, 149, 160, 164, 166, 193–96, 271
- play(ing),8, 10, 19, 25, 38–39, 43, 48, 91, 107, 113–15
- playfulness,26, 38, 70, 113, 227–28
- play theories of humour,113–119, 270
- poly-chronic time,129
- power,36, 135, 198, 217, 243
- pranks,93–94, 135, 263
- Premack,41
- Priego-Valverde,189, 236
- private mental models,49–52, 63–68, 72, 74–75, 81–84, 98–99, 102–5, 109, 119–120, 122, 124, 268–72
- manipulations,129
- re-construction,208
- procedure schemas,44, 264
- professional roles,148–49, 153, 191, 246, 248, 250
- props,14, 108, 132–34, 136, 190, 204–5, 275
- proxemics,136
- psychological reversals.See reversals, psychological
- public mental models,49–52, 62–68, 72–73, 77–78, 81–83, 96, 100–105, 109–10, 112–13, 116–18, 122, 124–25, 268–72
- puppets,133, 147–48
R
- racism,58, 188–89
- racist,3–5, 30, 51, 58–60, 64–66, 82–83, 188, 231–32, 241, 252, 258
- Radvansky,32
- Ramachandran,60, 92, 192–90
- Raskin,16–17, 35, 97–98, 107–9, 112, 194, 270
- Red Nose Day,12–13, 134, 159, 163, 165, 191, 242, 253, 259–60
- Reisigl,189
- relaxation,92–96, 115
- relayers,75, 77
- relevance,1, 19, 53, 92, 185–86, 204
- relief, psychological,81, 91–92, 95, 104, 204, 225, 269
- relief theories,91–92, 115
- reversals, psychological,39–40, 71, 124, 135, 193, 224, 232–33, 243, 277
- reversal synergy,121
- reversal theory,10, 19, 39, 107, 115, 121, 124, 277
- riddles,108, 194
- Ritchie,35, 97, 99, 112
- Rizzolatti,40
- role
- communicative.See communicative roles
- professional.See professional roles
- social.See social roles
- role identities,8, 27, 46, 224, 243, 245–46, 248–49, 251, 254, 256, 266
- role identities in interaction,248
- role performance,27–30, 42–47, 49, 124, 127–28, 144–47, 154–55, 159–60, 166–68, 180–81, 194–98, 211, 245–46, 268–70, 274–75
- characters’,41, 102, 155
- diminished,128, 139, 153, 172, 216, 269–70
- role schemas,36–37, 153, 249, 251, 260
- Ruch,9
- Rumelhart,32
S
- Sacks,120, 275–91
- sarcasm,178, 228, 252, 271
- Saussure,190
- Schank,32
- Schegloff,275
- schemas,6, 33, 35, 110–11, 251, 262
- Schmid,142, 159, 264
- Schnurr,83
- Schopenhauer,97
- Schou,95
- Schroll-Machl,252
- Schwind,40, 56, 75
- Scollon, R. and S.B.K.,25–26, 32
- script opposition,108–9
- scripts,16, 32, 97, 108, 110–11, 194
- Searle,272
- self schemas,44, 47, 60, 182, 246, 255, 257, 262, 275
- Semantic Script Theory of Humor (SSTH),16, 108
- senders, collective.See collective senders
- setting,26, 28–29, 43–45, 70, 73–74, 128–30, 132–33, 142–43, 147, 190, 246–47, 273, 275
- change of,129–30
- Shepherd,140
- Short,144
- Shultz,35, 93, 97–98, 112
- Simmel,27, 61
- Singer,56
- sitcom,1, 7–10, 13–14, 16–19, 22, 24–25, 41–43, 47, 70–75, 77, 89, 96–97, 102–4, 108, 160
- traditional,13–14
- sitcom scenes as mental models,7, 19, 22, 24, 29, 42, 48, 54, 69, 105, 145
- situation(al) model,9, 33–34, 129
- situational contexts,25, 27–31, 41, 43–44, 46–47, 49, 51, 61–62, 69–70, 79, 88, 109, 124, 127–29, 152–53, 198–99, 201, 249, 273–75
- situational prototypes,32
- situation comedy,1–2, 6, 8, 14–15, 19, 38, 43–44, 51, 113, 161, 165, 267, 271
- situations
- humorous,1, 34, 275
- incongruous,101, 114
- telic,193, 242
- social roles,28, 30, 36–37, 43–45, 71, 128, 130, 148–50, 152–54, 175, 190–91, 245–46, 249, 262–64, 275
- space,9, 26, 44, 53, 129, 135–37, 139, 141, 275
- Spencer-Oatey,44, 52, 173, 238, 274
- Sperber,62, 64, 82
- Spinal Tap (film),161
- Spitz,15
- status,137, 139, 144, 199, 212–13, 252, 275
- status face,37, 135, 174, 217
- Stocking,118
- strategy schemas,44
- Suddendorf,54
- Suls,35, 93, 97–98, 112
- superiority,81, 84–85, 91, 269
- superiority theories,16, 84, 86, 89–91, 94, 113
- Swan,3–7, 17–18, 23–24, 45–46, 57, 63–64, 72–73, 78, 85–86, 94, 136–37, 168, 172, 203–4, 211, 219, 254
- synergy,107, 121, 123, 145, 160, 277
T
- Taillard,26
- telic meta-motivational state.See meta-motivational state, telic
- templates, innate,32, 134
- theory of mind.See mind-reading skills
- Thomas,142, 159, 264–92
- Ting-Toomey,37, 100–101, 168, 173–75, 211, 217, 226, 230, 246, 248
- Tomasello,36–38, 41, 63, 90, 92, 117, 135, 168, 176, 198–93
- Toplak,228
- Triezenberg,103, 109
- Trompenaars,251
- Tsakona,108–9, 277
- Turner,34, 111, 194
- TV viewers/audience,7–8, 21–24, 30–31, 38–39, 68–79, 88–89, 93–97, 102–5, 119–120, 123–24
U
- ultimate destination (communicative role),72, 77, 145
- ultimate source (communicative role),73, 127, 133, 145, 165
- universal human characteristics,31, 61.; See also human nature
- unrelaxation,92–96, 115
V
- valence,155, 158
- van Dijk,3, 6, 8–10, 19, 22–23, 25–28, 32–34, 50, 52–53, 55, 57, 189, 267, 272–74, 276
- van Leeuwen,274
- Vaughan,39
- Ventis,35
- Verschueren,62–63
- Vignemont,56
- Vischer,44
W
- Walters,11–13, 99
- Warneken,37, 63, 90
- Wegner,208
- Wellman,41
- Willis,109
- Wilson,62, 64, 82
- Wimmer,41
- winning,90–91
- Wodak,189
- Woodruff,41
- worldbusinessculture.com,252
- Wyer,35, 39, 103
X
- Xenakis,56
Y
- Yentob,85
Z
- Zacks,27
- Žegarac,26
- Zillmann,118
- zooming,55, 67, 187, 223–24, 243
- Zwaan,32
