Acknowledgements

This work was initiated during a graduate research seminar at Georgetown University, co-taught by Lourdes Ortega and John Norris, and it benefitted considerably from input and feedback provided by Lourdes Ortega during the early stages of the synthesis. We have also presented portions of the synthesis at several conferences over the intervening years, and our work has evolved as a result of related questions and discussion. We would like to acknowledge the groundbreaking and influential contributions of two scholars — Peter Robinson and Peter Skehan — without whose ideas, discussions, and dissemination a substantial portion of the research synthesized in this volume would not have been conducted.

This project was partially funded by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17K13495) and by ETS. We also thank our research assistants at ETS who helped us with study retrieval. Lastly, we appreciate the formative feedback and suggestions for revision provided by one anonymous reviewer and the editors of this book series.