Index

doi:10.1075/tblt.15.index

In:How to Teach an Additional Language: To task or not to task?
Kris Van den Branden
[Task-Based Language Teaching 15] 2022
► pp. 289–292

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Index

Published online: 13 April 2022

https://doi.org/10.1075/tblt.15.index

A

A

accuracy 15–16, 23, 34, 37, 40, 50–51, 128, 136, 148, 174, 177–180, 183, 185, 191, 194, 196–197, 212, 225–226

activate 44–45, 81, 104–106, 109, 111, 113, 119, 129, 136, 147, 151, 153, 193, 201, 206, 231, 240–241, 259

adolescent27, 32, 49, 64, 109, 139, 141, 175–176, 180, 208, 210–211

advanced11, 15, 27, 53, 79, 128, 142, 179, 219, 226

adult3, 5, 12, 14, 27, 32, 42, 64, 69, 105, 109, 117, 120–121, 123, 127, 135, 148–149, 156, 162, 164, 188, 213, 223, 237

age 5–6, 16, 27, 50, 64–67, 72, 79–80, 103–104, 138, 142, 158, 164, 201

agency30, 32, 78

analysis of opportunities187, 189, 248

anxiety2, 73, 84–86, 94, 96, 125, 140, 147, 150, 178, 216, 221

aptitude27, 61, 76

attitude15, 156, 239, 243, 258

authentic4, 13, 17–18, 26, 47, 49, 55, 57, 101, 103, 105, 117, 121, 132, 138, 168, 172, 186, 188, 190, 197–198, 207, 221, 223, 227–228, 235–237, 241, 254, 260, 262, 266

autonomy72, 74, 86, 91–98, 107, 117–118, 125, 134, 139, 141, 151–152, 154, 156–157, 161, 164, 193–194, 218, 222, 224, 237, 242, 253

B

B

beginner3, 11–12, 15, 38, 105, 120, 179–180, 225–226

bilingual 198–199

broad assessment223, 229

broad curriculum 161–166, 168, 215, 220, 230, 254–255, 257

C

C

care44, 86, 104, 136, 150–152, 159, 194, 242, 261

CEFR16, 172, 179, 212, 215

challengexi, 3, 5, 11, 17, 27, 43, 45, 51, 60, 74, 77, 87, 91, 96, 104, 108, 113–115, 117, 119–121, 129, 135–136, 139, 143–144, 147–148, 151–152, 173–176, 185, 193, 226, 231, 233–234, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 266

child27, 32, 36, 141, 145, 147, 175, 189

chunk26

classroom-basedxiii, 18, 49, 131–132, 141, 201

CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning)65, 134–136, 142, 183–184

cognitive load87, 174

competence15, 26–27, 34, 51, 56–57, 59, 63–64, 67, 73–75, 85, 87, 94, 153, 158–159, 163, 170–171, 173, 177, 194, 214, 240, 242, 255, 257–258, 265

computer-mediated47, 189, 191

comprehensible input34, 47, 53, 193

connect4, 28, 35, 62–63, 72, 95, 103–104, 119, 126–127, 129, 136–137, 139–140, 147, 151, 185, 193, 241, 243, 260

connections20, 35, 39, 45, 98, 104, 119–122, 124, 127, 138–140, 144, 147, 151, 163, 165, 168, 185–187, 193, 199, 241, 255, 262

context-embedded123, 174–175, 176, 177

contextualisation9, 11, 13, 17, 110

cooperative learning 45–48, 52, 94, 96, 104, 112–113, 130, 136–137, 194, 260

course book19, 105, 107, 120, 171, 176, 180

cross-linguistic transfer142

curriculum designx, xii, 20, 28, 101, 115, 155–157, 167–168, 171, 183, 185, 230, 254–255

D

D

debate48, 112, 124, 137, 202, 244, 251, 259

declarative knowledge33, 41, 51, 53–56, 59, 241

discrete unit 6–7, 15, 110–111, 125

diversify104, 145, 147–148, 182, 187, 190, 194, 242, 255, 261

differentiation261

difficulty94, 113, 117, 173–174, 180, 182, 218, 220, 244

dynamic32, 44, 63, 70–72, 75–76, 82–84, 89, 91–94, 98–99, 115, 125, 132, 152, 156, 187, 196, 199, 216, 220–221, 247, 250

E

E

element interactivity 9–13, 17, 110, 125, 167, 173, 177, 226

emotions44, 63, 69, 79, 83–87, 89, 98, 159, 162–163

energy for learning88, 152

engagement31, 48, 67, 74, 77, 79–80, 85–86, 90, 92, 94, 96, 110, 117, 125, 139, 141, 150–152, 222, 224, 244, 265

evaluation23, 31, 83, 93–94, 110, 137, 156, 171, 187, 204, 207–208, 221, 227, 239, 245, 248–250, 252

excite104, 151, 194, 242, 262

expectancy75, 77, 87, 91–96, 99, 218

expectations1, 44, 75, 81, 84, 111–112, 118–120, 135, 152, 192, 206, 244, 260

explicit knowledge 6–8, 13–15, 26, 33, 50, 55, 61, 67, 123, 125, 134, 162–163, 170, 185, 225, 254, 256, 260

explicit learning 32–34, 53, 64, 122–123

extrinsic motivation 73–74, 94–95, 205

F

F

feedbackxiii, 2–3, 8, 10, 19, 26, 28, 37–42, 44–46, 48, 52, 61–62, 66–67, 74, 80, 88, 93–94, 96, 99, 104, 107–108, 110, 112, 117–118, 124–125, 127–131, 133–137, 140–141, 144, 147, 149–150, 152–154, 159, 170, 190–191, 193–194, 200, 203–206, 217–218, 220, 223–225, 229–230, 237, 241–242, 254, 257, 260–261

focus on form26, 40, 50–51, 53, 66, 99, 124–125, 139, 144, 184, 186, 193, 257

foreign languagexii, 1, 3–5, 8, 14–15, 25, 36, 49, 56, 64, 66, 79–80, 85, 105, 107, 109–110, 121, 123, 127, 130, 136–137, 139, 143, 163–165, 179, 192, 212–213, 234, 240

formative assessment137, 205–206, 223–225, 229, 257

flow42, 87–88, 91–92, 125

fluency23, 31, 37, 51–52, 62, 110, 136, 141, 148, 174, 213, 226

frequency31, 53, 172

G

G

gamesxi, 4, 79, 110, 138–140, 143, 189–193

globalise 104, 134, 136, 183, 185–186, 194, 242, 261

goals 8–17, 20–21, 34, 37–39, 46, 50, 52, 56–59, 61, 63, 70–71, 73–74, 77, 80–81, 83, 87–88, 91, 94, 96, 98, 101, 104, 110–111, 124, 131, 137, 144, 148, 151–153, 155–157, 159–168, 170, 183, 186–188, 193, 195–197, 201, 207, 210, 215–216, 220, 222, 224–225, 230, 232, 234, 238, 242, 246, 249–255, 265–266

government105, 117, 156, 210, 214, 231, 238

grammarxii, 2, 7, 11, 15, 30–32, 35–36, 38–39, 49–54, 59–62, 66, 69, 122, 124, 126, 129, 134, 136, 140–141, 148–149, 162, 167, 171–172, 183, 185, 191, 196, 213, 235–236, 243

group work46, 107–108, 113, 129–130, 132, 237

H

H

here-and-now90, 175, 178–179, 181

high-intermediate109, 143, 217

holistic11, 14, 17, 54, 59, 62, 65, 154, 157, 163, 186, 207, 262

homework3, 73–74, 130, 137, 140–141

I

I

ICT164, 195

implementation 18–19, 103, 105, 135, 153–154, 194, 199, 232–234, 236–238, 240–241, 246–247, 251–253, 262

implicit knowledge7, 23, 26, 32–34, 55, 122, 185

implicit learningxi, 19, 32–34, 52, 64, 104, 122, 193, 225, 235, 244

incidental learning19

individual differences26

innovationx, xii, 102, 203, 232–235, 237–238, 245–246, 249–250, 252–255, 263

input2, 4, 12, 26, 29, 31, 34–37, 42, 44, 47–48, 52–53, 55, 59–60, 64–66, 104–105, 107, 110, 118–122, 135, 147, 150, 153–154, 177, 179, 190, 193, 197–198, 201, 237, 257

input-based36, 179

in-service102, 147, 203, 232, 237, 263

instructionxii, 2–7, 12–13, 17–19, 23, 25–29, 31, 33–36, 38–39, 48–53, 56–60, 63–67, 75, 80, 99, 104, 110–111, 114, 124–126, 132–136, 138, 145, 148–149, 153–154, 164, 166, 170, 172, 175, 185, 190, 193–195, 198, 204–207, 214, 224, 229–231, 236, 247, 255, 257, 260–261

integration4, 51–52, 57–58, 122–125, 145, 180, 189, 193, 207, 259

intentional learning19, 51–52

interaction30, 35, 37, 42–48, 51, 53–54, 60, 63, 66, 71, 78, 85–87, 92, 97, 99, 104, 108, 111–113, 115, 117, 119, 129, 131–134, 136, 147, 150, 154, 156, 159, 167, 174, 184, 190–191, 193–194, 196, 198, 206, 216, 237, 240, 248, 257, 260–261

intercultural52, 62–63, 83, 158, 161–162, 164, 183–184, 189, 191–192, 215, 258, 261

interest32, 42, 48–49, 56, 70, 74, 79–80, 82, 94–95, 97, 103, 107, 113, 117, 125, 134, 141, 150, 165, 171, 192, 205, 210, 220, 227, 252

interpersonal5, 46, 62, 64, 83, 158, 161, 164, 166–167, 184, 197–198, 201, 215, 256

intrinsic motivation 73–74, 77, 90, 92, 94–95

K

K

key competences104, 158–159, 229, 247, 254, 258, 261

knowledgexiii, 1–2, 6–11, 13–15, 23, 26, 30, 32–35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 49–65, 67, 79, 87–88, 104, 107–108, 110, 112, 119–123, 125, 127, 130, 132, 134, 137, 141–142, 144, 147, 151–154, 157–171, 173, 175–177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 190, 192–193, 197–199, 201, 205, 207–208, 210–211, 216, 218, 220, 225, 233, 238–239, 241–243, 247, 249–250, 254, 256–260, 263, 265

L

L

language learning in the wild184, 261

language policy201, 245–247, 249–253

learning environment14, 37, 66–67, 105, 113, 127, 154, 193, 244, 259

lexical10, 15, 17, 36–39, 50–52, 105, 111, 127, 138, 148, 166, 170, 174, 176, 178, 191, 196, 200, 213

listening16, 29, 31, 34, 39, 49, 51–52, 55, 57–58, 60, 62, 66, 79, 84, 124, 129 84, 124, 129, 134, 136, 161–162, 165, 179, 190, 201, 208, 211, 214–217, 248

listening task211, 214

literacy5, 16, 27, 46, 91–92, 114, 138, 199, 214, 231, 241

Long7, 11, 13, 16, 19, 23, 25–29, 34–35, 37–38, 40–41, 46, 51, 54, 58, 62, 65, 70–71, 76–77, 79–80, 82, 90, 92, 103, 113, 125–126, 129, 132, 141, 146–147, 149, 166–168, 171–172, 177–178, 193, 205, 221, 226, 239, 242

low-intermediate105, 121, 130, 149, 225–226

L2 Self 81–83

M

M

meaning-based124

meaning-making50

metacognition59

metacognitive10, 44, 56–58, 62, 64–65, 67, 160–161, 163, 167, 183, 185, 199, 223, 236, 256

Methodological Principles (Long) 25–26, 28, 103, 154

monolingual143, 253

motivational strategies 93–94

multidimensionalxi, xiii, 10, 58, 70–72, 79, 89–90, 92–94, 98, 111

multilingualxiii, 5–6, 61, 83, 130, 142, 154, 195, 197, 200, 253, 261

N

N

narrow curriculum163

needs analysis149, 166, 168–170, 187–188, 210

negotiation of meaning36, 46–47, 128, 191

NIALA (non-instructed additional language acquisition)14, 18, 138, 187

noticing35, 37, 41, 61–62

O

O

output 2–3, 7, 12, 23, 26, 31, 35, 37–38, 40, 42–44, 46–48, 50, 52, 54, 59–61, 66, 86, 104, 107–108, 110, 112–113, 119, 121, 123, 125–126, 128–129, 133, 135, 145, 149–150, 153–154, 173–174, 177–179, 190–191, 193–194, 211–212, 225, 228, 237, 251, 257

output-based108, 129

outside-school experiences 138–139, 227

P

P

pair work46, 200

pedagogical space 98–99, 110–111, 118, 120, 138, 141, 151, 195, 239, 257

pedagogical tasks168, 198

peer feedback144

portfolio132, 221, 228, 236, 247

post-task 113–114, 119, 122–123, 127–128, 143, 187, 215–216, 221–222

PPP 6–8, 13–14, 18, 36–37, 125–126, 237

practiceix–x, xiii, 1–3, 6–7, 14–15, 18, 20, 25–28, 30–33, 37–38, 44, 47, 50, 53–55, 58–59, 69–71, 93, 99, 101–105, 110–111, 119, 122–124, 126–127, 129, 134–135, 139–141, 147, 151, 153–154, 157, 160, 183, 188, 193, 198, 200, 203, 205, 207, 216, 221, 223–225, 229, 231–236, 238, 240–243, 245, 249–251, 254, 256–260, 262–263, 266

pragmatic10, 26–27, 32, 36–37, 52, 60, 72, 127, 166, 170, 178, 191–192, 196, 215

pre-primary5, 11, 16, 36, 42–43, 65, 132, 145, 147–148

pre-service102, 239, 255–257, 259–263

pre-task 124–126, 181

prior knowledge2, 8, 10, 34–35, 39, 45, 57, 61, 67, 87, 104, 107–108, 119–121, 127, 130, 132, 144, 147, 153–154, 173, 181, 193, 211, 218, 260

professional development6, 102, 232, 240–241, 243–244, 252, 254–255, 258

PDI (professional development initiative) 240–243

proficiency2, 4–5, 14–17, 26, 29, 44, 50, 53–54, 61, 64, 79, 114–115, 128, 138–139, 141, 147–148, 156, 160, 168, 172, 179, 182, 188, 190, 193, 206, 210, 221, 225, 257, 260, 266

project-based 136–137

R

R

reading3, 5, 10, 29–31, 34, 38–40, 46, 49–50, 52, 54–58, 60, 62, 66, 80, 84, 92, 106, 108, 110, 114, 124, 132–134, 138, 140, 146, 148, 150, 152, 161–162, 165, 171, 176, 179, 181, 190, 195, 207, 211, 215, 217–220, 223, 232, 244, 248–249

reading task 56–57, 218

recast43, 133, 243

recycle104, 126, 153, 194, 205, 239, 242, 260

reflection59, 119, 123, 127, 129, 157, 187, 225, 241, 243, 248, 254

resourcesxi, 9–11, 13, 17, 38, 44–45, 47, 55, 59–64, 67, 108, 110, 112, 125–126, 133, 143, 151–152, 154, 166, 185–186, 194–196, 198–201, 245, 248, 252, 265

S

S

scaffold47, 145, 199, 241

school context239, 262

scoring criteria 212–213, 215

SDT 72–75, 78, 80–81, 92, 95

second languagexii, 1, 4–6, 15, 25–29, 31–32, 37–38, 40, 46, 62, 65, 69, 75, 79, 88, 91, 93, 105–106, 114–115, 120, 148–149, 156, 160–163, 167, 175–176, 180, 186–188, 198–199, 203, 206, 208, 217, 223, 234, 237

self-assessment39, 145, 148–149, 223, 225, 247

self-regulation 39–40, 58–59, 65, 67, 74, 99, 145, 160–161, 173, 185, 218, 223, 229, 237

sequencing115, 155, 164, 171–172, 179, 182–183, 202

self-determination theory72, 87

speaking3, 14, 16, 18, 30–31, 37–39, 47, 49–50, 52–53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 66, 77, 84, 97, 108, 111–114, 127–129, 133–136, 143, 150, 161–162, 171, 196, 199, 212–214, 225, 228, 248

speaking task52, 127, 212, 214

strategic competence 56–57, 173

strategies6, 10, 30–32, 42, 52, 56–59, 62, 65–67, 74, 76, 78, 81, 93–95, 114, 124, 134, 144, 154, 160–163, 167, 200, 215–216, 218, 223, 236–237, 256–257

strategy instruction 56–58, 99

successxi, 4, 16, 28, 39–40, 56, 61, 70, 75–77, 80–81, 83–85, 87, 91–93, 95–99, 108, 112–113, 117, 119, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 165–166, 173, 182, 187, 194, 200, 203, 218, 222–226, 229, 231, 237, 240, 242, 249, 251, 253, 260

summative assessment144, 205–206, 254

syllabus13, 19, 31, 94, 172–173, 217, 236, 263

T

T

TALK 42–43, 77, 109, 115, 128, 145, 147, 165, 188–189, 211, 252

target task55, 168

TBLT (Task-Based Language Teaching)ix–x, xiixiii, 7–8, 11, 13–14, 18–19, 51, 193, 200–201, 234–238, 240, 243, 254, 263

task complexity9, 39, 115, 118, 148, 173–179, 181–182, 190, 218, 220, 226

task repetition38, 127, 129

task type197

teacher educationxiii, 232, 255, 257–262

teamwork149, 243

technologyxii, 4–5, 26, 52, 134, 136–140, 148, 158–162, 164, 168, 184, 186–187, 189–197, 201, 228, 231, 248, 258, 261

test33, 49, 58, 84, 140, 166, 179, 192, 204–208, 210–216, 221, 226, 263

transfer47, 53, 55, 59, 111, 142–143, 170, 185, 197, 243, 259

transfer-appropriate processing53, 111, 170, 185, 243, 259

translanguaging61, 197, 201

turn-taking2, 112, 119

21st-century competences158, 160–162, 194, 201

V

V

validity28, 207–208, 210–212, 214–215, 228, 247, 251

value5, 8, 34, 43, 57, 73–75, 77–80, 83, 85, 87, 91–92, 95–99, 107–109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 134–135, 139–141, 148, 151–152, 154, 164, 166, 170, 173, 176, 189–190, 193, 196–197, 218, 222, 224, 227, 230, 236, 238–240, 242, 252–253, 261

vocabulary2, 9, 11, 16–17, 30–31, 35–36, 42–43, 48, 50–53, 57, 60, 62, 66, 79, 105–106, 110, 114–115, 120, 124, 126, 129, 134, 136, 141, 148, 162, 167, 172, 175–176, 191, 213, 216–217

W

W

washback229

working memory35, 38–39, 61–62, 174

writingxii, 10, 30–31, 37, 39–40, 49–50, 52–53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 66, 73, 84, 110, 114, 134, 136, 139, 143, 161–162, 165, 179, 191, 196, 211, 223–225, 248

writing task 223–224

Z

Z

zone of proximal development2, 120, 132, 225