Task-specific motivation and development of the Spanish L2 self during domestic immersion
Published online: 4 October 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/task.21023.jar
https://doi.org/10.1075/task.21023.jar
Abstract
The present study considers global (Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The
psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language
acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. L2 selves) and
micro (task-specific) measures of motivation in a unique task-based context: a two-week, domestic Spanish immersion program for
high schoolers in the United States (Gurzynski-Weiss, L. (proposal
in revision). Task-based domestic Spanish.).
Data was collected from eight students via task-specific questionnaires (given after 30 tasks), L2 self
questionnaires (given at the beginning and end of a two-week program), and 12 daily reflective journals. Results indicated overall
high L2 self-constructs with little change over two weeks of instruction, and all task domains were rated moderately to very high
for task motivation. It was found that higher L2 self ratings regularly patterned with higher task-specific motivation, although
participant individual differences and characteristics unique to a domestic immersion program also influenced task-specific
motivation.
Article outline
- Literature review
- The L2 self and complex dynamic systems
- Task-specific motivation
- Motivating the current study: L2 motivation and domestic immersion
- Current study
- Participants
- Research questions
- Methodology
- Procedure and instruments
- Quantitative measures
- Qualitative measures
- Procedure and instruments
- Results and discussion
- Research question 1: Global measures of learner motivation
- Research question 2: Task specific motivation
- Research question 3: Comparing task-specific motivation with global measures of motivation
- Support from student journals
- Pedagogical implications
- Limitations and future directions
- Conclusions
- Endnotes
- Acknowledgements
References
References (51)
Allen, H. W. (2010). Language-learning
motivation during short-term study abroad: An activity theory perspective. Foreign Language
Annals, 43(1), 27–49.
Allen, H. W., & Herron, C. (2003). A
mixed-methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study
abroad. Foreign Language
Annals, 36(3), 370–385.
Baker-Smemoe, W., Denisa, K., Cundick, N. E., Henrichsen, L., & Dewey, D. P. (2012). Relationship
between reported out-of class English use and proficiency gains in English. Applied Language
Learning, 221, 21–45.
Boekarts, M. (1987b). Individual
differences in the appraisal of learning tasks: An integrative view on emotion and
cognition. Communication and
Cognition, 201, 207–24.
(1987a). Die Effekte von state-und traitmotivationaler Orientierung auf das
Lernergebnis [The effect of state and trait motivational orientations on
learning outcomes]. Zietschrift für Pädagogische
Psychologie, 11, 29–43.
Cao, Y., & Philp, J. (2006). Interactional
context and willingness to communicate: A comparison of behavior in whole class, group and dyadic
interaction. System, 34(4), 480–93.
Corder, P. (1967). The
significance of learners’ errors. International Review of Applied
Linguistics, 5(4), 161–70.
Csizér, K., & Dörnyei, Z. (2005a). The
internal structure of language learning motivation and its relationship with language choice and learning
effort. Modern Language
Journal, 89(1), 19–36.
(2005b). Language
learners’ motivational profiles and their motivated learning behavior. Language
Learning, 55(4), 613–59.
Csizér, K., & Tankó, G. (2017). English
majors’ self-regulatory control strategy use in academic writing and its relation to L2
motivation. Applied
Linguistics, 38(3), 386–404.
Dewaele, J., Franco Magdalena, A., & Saito, K. (2019). The
effect of perception of teacher characteristics on Spanish EFL learners’ anxiety and
enjoyment. Modern Language
Journal, 103(2), 412–27.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The
psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language
acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2009a). Individual
differences: Interplay of learner characteristics and learning environment. Language
Learning, 591, 230–248.
(2009b). The
L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation,
language identities, and the L2 self (9–42). De Gruyter.
(2019). Task
motivation: What makes an L2 task engaging? In Z. (E.) Wen & M. J. Ahmadian (Eds.), Researching
L2 task performance and pedagogy: In honour of Peter
Skehan (pp. 53–66). John Benjamins.
Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (2002). Some
dynamics of language attitudes and motivation: Results of a longitudinal nationwide
survey. Applied
Linguistics, 231, 421–62.
Dörnyei, Z., & Kormos, J. (2000). The
role of individual and social variables in performance. Language Teaching
Research, 4(3), 275–300.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ottó, I. (1998). Motivation
in action: A process model of L2 motivation. Working Papers in Applied
Linguistics, 41, 43–69.
Fukuda, M. (2014). Dynamic
processes of speech development by seven adult learners of Japanese in a domestic immersion
context. Foreign Language
Annals, 471, 729–745.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social
psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold.
Geeslin, K., & Gudmestad, A. (2011). Using
sociolinguistic analyses of discourse-level features to expand research on L2 variation: Native and non-native contrasts in
forms of Spanish subject expression. In L. Plonsky & M. Schierloh (Eds.), Selected
Proceedings of the 2009 Second Language Research Forum: Diverse Contributions to
SLA (pp. 16–30). Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Gurzynski-Weiss, L., & Giacomino, L. (in
preparation). The interplay of individual differences and task complexity: Is a task “complex”
for everyone?
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The
discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative
research. Aldine.
Gurzynski-Weiss, L. (proposal
in revision). Task-based domestic Spanish.
Gurzynski-Weiss, L., & Coulter-Kern, M. (in
preparation). ¡Mi español ha cambiado! Self-assessments and proficiency gains
during a domestic Spanish immersion camp.
Gurzynski-Weiss, L., Carver, C., Jarrett, D., Giacomino, L., Rodríguez, E., Caudell, J., DeCleene, M., Denbaum, N., Dimaggio, G., Guo, J., Martínez Rodríguez, J. M., & da Silva Viana, C. H. (in
preparation.). Needs analysis for high school Spanish domestic
immersion.
Henry, A. (2015). The
dynamics of possible selves. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.) Motivational
dynamics in language
learning (pp. 83–94). Multilingual Matters.
Hernández, T. A. (2010). The
relationship among motivation, interaction, and the development of second language oral proficiency in a study-abroad
context. Modern Language
Journal, 941, 600–617.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy:
A theory relating self and affect. Psychological
Review, 94(3), 319.
Irie, K., & Ryan, S. (2015). Study
abroad and the dynamics of change in learner L2
self-concept. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.) Motivational
dynamics in language
learning (pp. 343–366). Multilingual Matters
Isabelli-García, C. L. (2006). Study
abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language
acquisition. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language
learners in study abroad
contexts (pp. 231–258). Multilingual Matters.
Isabelli-García, C., & Lacorte, M. (2016). Language
learners’ characteristics, target language use, and linguistic development in a domestic immersion
context. Foreign Language
Annals, 49(3), 544–556.
Julkunen, K. (2001). Situation-and
task specific motivation in foreign language learning. In Z. Dörnyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation
and second language
acquisition (pp. 23–29). National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Jung, D. (in
preparation). Examining the role and dynamicity of motivation in L2 Spanish engagement and
course outcomes.
Keller, J. M. (1994). Motivation
in instructional design. In T. Husén & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The
international encyclopedia of
education (pp. 3943–3947). Elsevier.
Larsen–Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos/complexity
science and second language acquisition. Applied
Linguistics, 18(2), 141–165.
Long, M. H. (1996). The
role of the linguistic environment in second language
acquisition. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook
of second language
acquisition (pp. 413–468). Academic Press.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Serroul, A. (2015). Motivation
on a per-second timescale: Examining approach-avoidance motivation during L2 task
performance. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.) Motivational
dynamics in language
learning (pp. 109–138). Multilingual Matters.
Nitta, R., & Baba, K. (2015). Self-regulation
in the evolution of the ideal L2 self: A complex dynamic systems approach to the L2 motivational self
system. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.) Motivational
dynamics in language
learning (pp. 367–396). Multilingual Matters.
Pellegrino, V. A. (2005). Study
abroad and second language use: Constructing the self. Cambridge University Press.
Seegers, G., & Boekarts, M. (1993a). Task
motivation and mathematics achievement in actual task situations. Learning and
Instruction, 3(2), 133–50.
Serafini, E. J. (2020). The
impact of learner perceptions of interlocutor IDs on learner possible selves during a short-term experience
abroad. In L. Gurzynski-Weiss (Ed.), Cross-theoretical
explorations of interlocutors and their individual
differences (pp. 210–243). John Benjamins.
Serrano, R., Llanes, A., & Tragant, E. (2011). Analyzing
the effect of context of second language learning: Domestic intensive and semi-intensive courses vs. study abroad in
Europe. System, 391, 133–143.
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The
L2 motivational self system among Japanese, Chinese and Iranian learners of English: A comparative
study. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation,
language identities, and the L2
self (pp. 66–97). Multilingual Matters.
Teimouri, Y., Plonsky, L., & Tabandeh, F. (2020). L2
grit: Passion and perseverance for second-language learning. Language Teaching
Research 26(5), 893–918.
Torres, J., & Serafini, E. J. (2016). Micro-evaluating
learners’ task-specific motivation in a task-based business Spanish
course. Hispania, 99(2), 89–304.
Ushioda, E., & Dörnyei, Z. (2009). Motivation,
language identities and the L2 self: A theoretical overview. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation,
language identities, and the L2
self (pp. 1–8). Multilingual Matters.
Verspoor, M., Lowie, W., & Van Dijk, M. (2008). Variability
in second language development from a dynamic systems perspective. Modern Language
Journal, 92(2), 214–231.
Waninge, F., Dörnyei, Z., & De Bot, K. (2014). Motivational
dynamics in language learning: Change, stability, and context. Modern Language
Journal, 98(3), 704–723.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Hiver, Phil & Phung Dao
Gurzynski-Weiss, Laura & YouJin Kim
2022. Unique considerations for ISLA research across approaches. In Research methods in instructed second language acquisition [Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 3], ► pp. 125 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
