Corpora in Translation Studies
An Overview and Some Suggestions for Future Research
Published online: 1 January 1995
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.03bak
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.03bak
Abstract
Corpus-based research has become widely accepted as a factor in improving the performance of machine translation systems, and corpus-based terminology compilation is now the norm rather than the exception. Within translation studies proper, Lindquist, Hans. 1984. “The Use of Corpus-Based Studies in the Preparation of Handbooks for Translators”. Wolfram Wilss and Gisela Thome, eds. Translation Theory and Its Implementation in the Teaching of Translating and Interpreting. Tübingen: Narr, 1984. 260–270. has advocated the use of corpora for training translators, and . 1993a. “Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies: Implications and Applications”. Baker et al. 1993: 233–250. has argued that theoretical research into the nature of translation will receive a powerful impetus from corpus-based studies. It is becoming increasingly important to take stock of what is happening on this front and to start working towards the development of an explicit and coherent methodology for corpus-based research in the discipline. This paper discusses the current and potential use of corpora in translation studies, with particular reference to theoretical issues.
Résumé
On s'accorde à voir dans la recherche sur corpus un facteur susceptible d'améliorer les systèmes de traduction automatique; la terminologie basée sur corpus devient la règle plutôt que l'exception. A propos des recherches sur la traduction, Lidquist (1984) a prôné le recours aux corpora dans la formation des traducteurs; selon . 1993a. “Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies: Implications and Applications”. Baker et al. 1993: 233–250. , l'étude théorique de la traduction bénéficiera des recherchesfondées sur corpus. Il importe désormais de répertorier les acquis en ce domaine, afin de mettre au point une méthodologie explicite et cohérente. L'article qui suit analyse l'usage présent et possible des corpora dans les recherches sur la traduction, et prêtant une attention particulière aux questions théoriques.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Corpora: Definition, Types and Overview of Basic Operations
- 2.1.What Is a Corpus?
- 2.2.Basic Text Processing Operations
- 2.3.Types of Corpora
- 3.Corpora for Translation Research and Pedagogy
- 3.1Parallel Corpora
- 3.2Multilingual Corpora
- 3.3Comparable Corpora
- 4.Comparable Corpora: What Can They Tell Us About Translation?
- 4.1The Type-Token Ratio
- 4.2Lexical Density
- 5.Conclusion
- Notes
References
References (34)
Atkins, Sue, Jeremy Clear and Nicholas Ostler. 1991. “Corpus Design Criteria”. Paper Presented at the Workshop on European Textual Corpora, Pisa, 7–10 January 1991.
. 1993a. “Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies: Implications and Applications”. Baker et al. 1993: 233–250.
. 1993b. Multilingual Databases. Birmingham: University of Birmingham. [Report submitted to the European Commission as a contribution to a European enquiry into corpus work.]
Baker, Mona, Gill Francis and Elena Tognini-Bonelli, eds. 1993. Text and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Bernardo, Aldo S. 1981. “Maximizing Computer Assistance in Literary Translation: Petrarch’s Familiares”. Marilyn Gaddis Rose, ed. Translation Spectrum: Essays in Theory and Practice. State University of New York Press, 1981. 74–80.
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana and Eddie A. Levenston. 1983. “Universais of Lexical Simplification”. Claus Faerch and Gabriele Kasper, eds. Strategies in IL Communication. Longman, 1983. 119–139.
British National Corpus: Written Corpus Design Specification. 1991. OUP Promotional Document Dated 2 September.
Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press.
Church, Kenneth and William Gale. 1991. “Concordances for Parallel Text”. Paper Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference of the UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research. St. Catherine’s College, Oxford.
Gale, William and Kenneth Church. 1991. “Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts”. Darpa SLS Workshop.
Hartmann, R.R.K. 1980. Contrastive Textology: Comparative Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.
Headland, Thomas. 1981. “Information Rate, Information Overload, and Communication Problems in the Casiguran Dumagat New Testament”. Notes on Translation 831. 18–27.
Hofland, K. and S. Johansson. 1982. Word Frequencies in British and American English. Bergen: The Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities.
Johansson, Stig and Knut Hofland. 1993. “Towards an English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus”. Udo Fries, Gunnel Tottie and Peter Schneider, eds. Creating and Using English Language Corpora: Papers from the Fourteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora. Zurich, 1993. 25–37.
Krishnamurthy, Ramesh. 1992. “Basic Access Software: Word Lists”. Birmingham: Cobuild. [Report submitted to the European Commission as a contribution to NERC workpackage 5: Access and Management Software Tools.]
Laffling, John. 1991. Towards High-Precision Machine Translation—Based on Contrastive Textology. Berlin-New York: Foris Publications.
. 1992. “On Constructing a Transfer Dictionary for Man and Machine”. Target 4:1. 17–31.
Larson, Mildred. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence. Lanham, New York and London: University Press of America.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1991. “Corpora”. Kirsten Malmkjær, ed. The Linguistics Encyclopedia. London and New York: Routledge, 1991. 73–80.
Lindquist, Hans. 1984. “The Use of Corpus-Based Studies in the Preparation of Handbooks for Translators”. Wolfram Wilss and Gisela Thome, eds. Translation Theory and Its Implementation in the Teaching of Translating and Interpreting. Tübingen: Narr, 1984. 260–270.
Malmkjær, Kirsten. 1993. “Who Can Make Nice a Better Word than Pretty?: Collocation, Translation, and Psycholinguistics”. Baker et al. 1993: 213–232.
Marinai, E., C. Peters and E. Picchi. 1991. “Bilingual Reference Corpora: A System for Parallel Text Retrieval”. Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Conference of the UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford.
Newton, John, ed. 1992. Computers in Translation: A Practical Appraisal. London and New York: Routledge.
Rettig, Heike. 1993. Evaluative Report on the Corpus Survey. Institut für Deutsche Sprache: Mannheim NERC Working Paper 17. [Submitted to the European Commission as a contribution to a European enquiry into corpus work.]
Sager, Juan. 1990. A Practical Course in Terminology Processing. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Schubert, Klaus. 1992. “Esperanto as an Intermediate Language for Machine Translation”. Newton 1992: 78–95.
Shamaa, Najah. 1978. A Linguistic Analysis of Some Problems of Arabic to English Translation. Oxford University. [Ph.D. Thesis.]
. 1991b. Council of Europe Multilingual Lexicography Project. [Report submitted to the Council of Europe under contract no. 57/89.]
Stubbs, Michael. 1986. “Lexical Density: A Computational Technique”. Talking About Text. Discourse Analysis Monograph 13. University of Birmingham: English Language Research, 1986. 27–42.
. 1993. “British Traditions in Text Analysis: From Firth to Sinclair”. Baker et al. 1993: 1–33.
Toury, Gideon. 1978. “The Nature and Role of Norms in Literary Translation”. James S Holmes, José Lambert and Raymond van den Broeck, eds. Literature and Translation: New Perspectives in Literary Studies. Leuven: ACCO, 1978. 83–100. [A revised version in: Gideon Toury. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. 53–69.]
Cited by (318)
Cited by 318 other publications
Afzaal, Muhammad, Baorong Huang & Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs
Asiri, Ali & Shanshan Xiao
Dr. Yousif Ali Omer
El-Farahaty, Hanem
Elass, Hicham
2025. Rethinking the theoretical foundations of Quran translation. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 23:2 ► pp. 242 ff.
Fan, Rui & Aage Hill-Madsen
Frumkina, Arina & Hanna Adamova
He, He & Bing Xiong
Hu, Ruitao, Gui Wang & Bin Shao
Jiang, Zeyuan & Hossein Hassani,
Jianwen, Liu & Yin Hao
Kelbert, Eugenia
Mandour, Waleed Saad
O'Brien, Sharon & Christopher D. Mellinger
María del Pilar Ortiz Lovillo, Celia Cristina Contreras Asturias, Esther Monzó Nebot, Bojana Kovačević Petrović, María del Pilar Ortiz Lovillo, Christof Sulzer, Héctor Libreros Cortez, Daniel Jacobo Gidi Martí, Cristina Victoria Kleinert, Roberto Carlos Pacheco Angulo, Celia Cristina Contreras Asturias, Celene García Ávila, Alejandro Lapeña & Beatriz Reverter Oliver
Pang, Shuangzi & Kefei Wang
2025. What transcends “translation universals” across time?. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción 71:4 ► pp. 449 ff.
Vorzsák, Orsolya, Zsuzsa Vladár & Éva Katalin Varga
Yang, Chunwen, Jing Chen & Shuai Hou
何, 丹琦
Al-Harthi, Maha, Amal Alsaif, Eman Al-Nafjan, Fatma Alshihri, Mahmoud Saleh & Muhammad Afzaal
Cedeño Lima, Hanju & Rosana Budny
Chou, Isabelle & Kanglong Liu
2024. Style in speech and narration of two English translations of Hongloumeng
. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 36:1 ► pp. 76 ff.
Gürses, Sabri, Mehmet Şahin, Ena Hodzik, Tunga Güngör, Harun Dallı & Olgun Dursun
Kaibao, Hu & Muhammad Afzaal
Niu, Jiang & Yue Jiang
Nohovska, Svitlana
Otajonova, Dildor
Pei, Jiaming & Fang Li
Pekūnas, Žygimantas
Sheng, Dandan & Xin Li
Vo, Lien-Huong & Thuy-Minh B. Nguyen
Wang, Guofeng & Yihang Xin
Weng, Yu, Shumin Dong & Chaomurilige Chaomurilige
Xu, Cui & Dechao Li
2024. More spoken or more translated?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 36:3 ► pp. 445 ff.
Zhao, Qiurong & Mario Bisiada
Zuo, Ya & Li Biwei
冯, 梦迟
杨, 杰浩
Rocha, Celso Fernando, Talita Serpa & Aparecido José Santana
Al-Batineh, Mohammed
2023. The localization of food- and drink-related items in video games. Digital Translation 10:1 ► pp. 37 ff.
Başer, Zeynep & Caner Çetİner
Cipriani, Anna Maria
Cipriani, Anna Maria
Cipriani, Anna Maria
El-Farahaty, Hanem, Nouran Khallaf & Amani Alonayzan
Farhan, Athil Khaleel
Gournay, Lucie
Kwok, Ho Ling, Sara Laviosa & Kanglong Liu
Li, Biwei
2023. Using a multilingual parallel corpus for Journalistic Translation Research. In Corpus Use in Cross-linguistic Research [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 113], ► pp. 157 ff.
Liu, Zhao
Mariaule, Mickaël
Moropa, Koliswa & Bulelwa Nokele
Nkululeko Nzimande, Erick
PEKCOŞKUN GÜNER, Sevda
Qin, Xiaowan & Keming Peng
Robertson, Colin D. & Máirtín Mac Aodha
2023. Legal terminology of the European Union. In Handbook of Terminology [Handbook of Terminology, 3], ► pp. 244 ff.
Rozhkov, Yu
Rozhkov, Yu
Shumin, Dong, Yu Weng & Chaomurilige
Sofo, Giuseppe
Turci, Monica
Turci, Monica & Gaia Aragrande
Wang, Huiping
Xu, Jinyan, Kexin Zhang & Liying Dong
Cunha, Daniel Gomes da & Janailton Mick Vitor da Silva
Farahani, Mehrdad Vasheghani
2022. Review of Feng (2020): Form, Meaning and Function in Collocation: A Corpus Study on Commercial Chinese-to-English Translation. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 27:2 ► pp. 254 ff.
Vasheghani Farahani, Mehrdad
2023. [ Sans Titre - No Title ]Lavid-López, Julia, Maíz-Arévalo, Carmen and Zamorano-Mansilla, Juan Rafael, eds. (2021): Corpora in Translation and Contrastive Research in the Digital Age: Recent Advances and Explorations. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 345 p. . Meta: Journal des traducteurs 68:3 ► pp. 695 ff.
François, Thomas & Marie-Aude Lefer
Liang, Yan & Zhonggang Sang
Liu, Kanglong, Rongguang Ye, Liu Zhongzhu, Rongye Ye & Wajid Mumtaz
Liu, Runyao & Mehrdad Vasheghani Farahani
Man, Deliang, Chenghao Zhu, Meng Huat Chau & Elanttamil Maruthai
Mar Sánchez Ramos, María del
2022. Documentation in specialised contexts. Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 8:1 ► pp. 30 ff.
Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M., Bo Wang, Yuanyi Ma & Isaac N. Mwinlaaru
Mattioli, Virginia
Mellinger, Christopher D.
Mikhailov, Mikhail
2022. Review of Julia Lavid-López, Carmen Maíz-Arévalo and Juan Rafael Zamorano-Mansilla.2021. Corpora in Translation and Contrastive Research in the Digital Era. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
ISBN: 978-9-027-20918-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.158. Research in Corpus Linguistics 10:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
Mikhailov, Mikhail
Mohammed, Tawffeek A. S.
Song, Hua
2022. A corpus-based comparative study of explicitation by investigating connectives in two Chinese translations of The Lord of the Rings
. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 68:1 ► pp. 139 ff.
Talbot, Aurélien, Camille Biros & Caroline Rossi
Umamaheswaran, S., Rajan John, S. S. Deepthi & Santhi Muttipoll Dharmarajlu
Wang, Fuxiang
Zhang, Bing
Zhang, Bing
Zhao, Shuo
石, 红燕
蒋, 文静
Farahani, Mehrdad Vasheghani & Masood Khoshsaligheh
2021. Review of Liu (2020): Corpus-Assisted Translation Teaching: Issues and Challenges. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 67:6 ► pp. 845 ff.
Hansen-Schirra, Silvia, Jean Nitzke & Silke Gutermuth
Hirsch, Galia & Enora Lessinger
Hu, Hai & Sandra Kübler
Kim, Kyung Hye
2021. Review of Dorothy (2001): Lexis and Creativity in Translation: A Corpus-based Study. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation ► pp. 285 ff.
Kwong, Oi Yee
Li, Dang
Li, Tao & Kaibao Hu
Liu, Kanglong & Muhammad Afzaal
Liu, Kanglong, Muhammad Afzaal & Diego Raphael Amancio
Osiejewicz, Joanna
Ruiz Yepes, Guadalupe
Seracini, Francesca L.
Zheng, Guofeng
Aragrande, Gaia
Aragrande, Gaia
Boulanger, Pier-Pascale & Chantal Gagnon
Boulanger, Pier-Pascale & Chantal Gagnon
Bruti, Silvia
Calvo, Elisa & Marián Morón
De Sutter, Gert & Marie-Aude Lefer
Del Rey Quesada, Santiago
El-Farahaty, Hanem & Abdelhamid Elewa
Esposito, Giorgia
García González, Marta
Garofalo, Giovanni
Granger, Sylviane & Marie-Aude Lefer
Granger, Sylviane & Marie-Aude Lefer
Granger, Sylviane & Marie-Aude Lefer
Kaschula, Russell H. & H. Ekkehard Wolff
Liu, Kanglong
Liu, Kanglong
Luz, Saturnino & Shane Sheehan
Ping, Yuan
Wang, Tianlong & Ana Leal
Zhou, Jiayuan & Yuqi Sun
Antunović, Goranka
Anwarus Salam, Khan Md, Mahfujur Rahman & Md Mahfuzus Salam Khan
Chen, Meng-Lin
2019. A corpus-based study on imagery and symbolism in Goldblatt’s translation ofRed Sorghum. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65:3 ► pp. 399 ff.
Ferraresi, Adriano & Silvia Bernardini
2019. Building EPTIC. In Parallel Corpora for Contrastive and Translation Studies [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 90], ► pp. 123 ff.
Kim, Hyungsul, Ahmed El-Kishky, Xiang Ren & Jiawei Han
Prieto Ramos, Fernando
2019. The use of corpora in legal and institutional translation studies. Translation Spaces 8:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Arumí, Marta & Mireia Vargas-Urpi
2018. Annotation of interpreters’ conversation management problems and strategies in a corpus of criminal proceedings in
Spain. Translation and Interpreting Studies 13:3 ► pp. 421 ff.
Bulatović, Vesna
Cristina Caimotto, Maria & Federico Gaspari
Dash, Niladri Sekhar & S. Arulmozi
Dayter, Daria
2018. Describing lexical patterns in simultaneously interpreted discourse in a parallel aligned corpus of Russian-English interpreting (SIREN). FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 16:2 ► pp. 241 ff.
Froeliger, Nicolas
2018. De l’humour involontaire en traduction pragmatique. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 16:1 ► pp. 166 ff.
Grisot, Cristina
Hu, Wan
Huan, Changpeng
Jiménez Jiménez, Antonio F. & Javier Muñoz-Basols
Leiva Rojo, Jorge
Li, Xiangdong
Li, Xiangdong
Rabinovich, Ella, Shuly Wintner & Ofek Luis Lewinsohn
Sosoni, Vilelmini
Vaičenonienė, Jurgita
2018. Lithuanian literature in English. In Key Cultural Texts in Translation [Benjamins Translation Library, 140], ► pp. 95 ff.
Valdeón, Roberto A.
2018. Discourse analysis, pragmatics, multimodal analysis. In Reception Studies and Audiovisual Translation [Benjamins Translation Library, 141], ► pp. 111 ff.
YOUNGHEE CHERI LEE (Cheri J Lee)
Zhang, Meifang & Jeremy Munday
赵, 婷婷
Alotaibi, Hind M.
Andorno, Cecilia & Anna-Maria De Cesare
2017.
Mapping additivity through translation
. In Focus on Additivity [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 278], ► pp. 157 ff.
Atabekova, Anastasia, Valentina Stepanova, Natalia Udina, Olga Gorbatenko & Tatyana Shoustikova
Davier, Lucile
Dupont, Maïté & Sandrine Zufferey
2017. Methodological issues in the use of directional parallel corpora. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22:2 ► pp. 270 ff.
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel Ángel & Maribel Tercedor Sánchez
2017. Lexical variation, register and explicitation in medical translation. Translation and Interpreting Studies 12:3 ► pp. 405 ff.
Kaschula, Russell H.
Kenny, Dorothy
Laviosa, Sara, Adriana Pagano, Hannu Kemppanen & Meng Ji
Laviosa, Sara, Adriana Pagano, Hannu Kemppanen & Meng Ji
Laviosa, Sara, Adriana Pagano, Hannu Kemppanen & Meng Ji
Qian, Duoxiu & David Kaufer
Robin, Edina, Andrea Götz, Éva Pataky & Henriette Szegh
Rodríguez‐Inés, Patricia
Ruano, Pablo
Vigier, Francisco J. & María del Mar Sánchez
叶, 舒梅
吕, 慧俭
Choi, Heekyung
Dai, Guangrong
Fattah, Ashraf
Gwang-Yoon Goh, DongYoung Kim & YOUNGHEE CHERI LEE (Cheri J Lee)
Gwang-Yoon Goh & 이영희
Hu, Kaibao
Hu, Kaibao
Liang, Wayne Wen-chun
2016. Translators’ behaviors from a sociological perspective – A parallel corpus study of fantasy fiction translation in Taiwan. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 62:1 ► pp. 39 ff.
Lorés-Sanz, Rosa
Lorés-Sanz, Rosa
2018. Hybrid rhetorical structure in English Sociology research article abstracts. In Intercultural Perspectives on Research Writing [AILA Applied Linguistics Series, 18], ► pp. 175 ff.
Ndhlovu, Ketiwe
Seidl-Péch, Olivia
Chifane, Cristina
Franco Aixelá, Javier & Sara Rovira-Esteva
Frutos, Araceli Cristobalena
Gallego-Hernández, Daniel
Handford, Michael
Huang, Libo
Ji, Meng
Lázaro Gutiérrez, Raquel & María del Mar Sánchez Ramos
Molés-Cases, Teresa & Ulrike Oster
2015. Webquests in translator training. In Multiple Affordances of Language Corpora for Data-driven Learning [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 69], ► pp. 201 ff.
Novák, Michal & Anna Nedoluzhko
Sotelo, Patricia
2015. Using a multimedia corpus of subtitles in translation training. In Multiple Affordances of Language Corpora for Data-driven Learning [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 69], ► pp. 245 ff.
Wang, Hui
Xiao, Richard & Xianyao Hu
Álvarez de la Fuente, Esther & Raquel Fernández Fuertes
2015. Translation universals in the oral production of bilingual children. Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 1:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Перхач, Роксолана-Юстина Тарасівна
Biel, Łucja
Chang-Soo Lee
Chang-Soo Lee
Lee, Changsoo
Faya Ornia, Goretti
2014. Revisión y propuesta de clasificación de corpus. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 60:2 ► pp. 234 ff.
Fijo León, María Isabel & Adrián Fuentes Luque
Grisot, Cristina & Jacques Moeschler
Hu, Kaibao & Qing Tao
Huangfu, Wei & Yushan Zhao
Krüger, Ralph
Malamatidou, Sofia
Nagel, Olga
Neumann, Stella
Neumann, Stella
2016. Cross-linguistic register studies. In Genre- and Register-related Discourse Features in Contrast [Benjamins Current Topics, 87], ► pp. 35 ff.
Zhan, Wenlian & Zhulin Shen
Zufferey, Sandrine & Bruno Cartoni
2014. A multifactorial analysis of explicitation in translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 26:3 ► pp. 361 ff.
박명수 & Shinwoong Lee
Artero, Paola & Adriana Şerban
Baños, Rocío, Silvia Bruti & Serenella Zanotti
Cappelle, Bert & Rudy Loock
2013. Is there interference of usage constraints?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25:2 ► pp. 252 ff.
Forchini, Pierfranca
Freddi, Maria
Grabowski, Łukasz
Čulo, Oliver
Anwarus Salam, Khan Md., Setsuo Yamada & Tetsuro Nishino
Felici, Annarita & Paul Pal
Kruger, Haidee
2012. A corpus-based study of the mediation effect in translated and edited language. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24:2 ► pp. 355 ff.
Kruger, Haidee & Bertus Rooy
Lefer, Marie-Aude
Lefer, Marie-Aude
Lembersky, Gennadi, Noam Ordan & Shuly Wintner
Loock, Rudy
Shlesinger, Miriam & Noam Ordan
2012. Morespokenor moretranslated?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24:1 ► pp. 43 ff.
Simonnaes, Ingrid
Sutter, Gert, Patrick Goethals, Torsten Leuschner & Sonia Vandepitte
Vilinsky, BÁrbara
Wen, Ting-hui
2012. Using a Parallel Corpus to Study the Translation of Personal Pronouns. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 10:2 ► pp. 187 ff.
조준형
조준형
조준형
조준형
Bernardini, Silvia & Adriano Ferraresi
Jimenez-Crespo, Miguel A.
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.
2011. The future of general tendencies in translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.
2015. The evaluation of pragmatic and functionalist aspects in localization. The Journal of Internationalization and Localization ► pp. 60 ff.
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.
Lesch, Harold M
Liu, Chaopeng
Macken, Lieve, Orphée De Clercq & Hans Paulussen
조준형, 계명훈, 이상인, 김보현, 김지은, Yeong-Houn Yi & 고여림
Marco, Josep
Marco, Josep
2019. Living with parallel corpora. In Parallel Corpora for Contrastive and Translation Studies [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 90], ► pp. 39 ff.
Ordan, Noam, Victoria Itskovich, Miriam Shlesinger & Ido Kanter
Depraetere, Ilse
García Izquierdo, Isabel
Taylor, Christopher
Gauton, Rachélle, Elsabé Taljard, Tirhani Mabasa & Lufuno Netshitomboni
Izquierdo, Marlén, Knut Hofland & Øystein Reigem
Nebot, Esther Monzó
Paiva, Paula Tavares Pinto, Diva Cardoso de Camargo & Cláudia Maria Xatara
Labrador, Belén
2007. Contrasting ways of expressing restriction in English and Spanish and suggesting translational options into Spanish. Languages in Contrast 7:1 ► pp. 29 ff.
Williams, Ian A.
2007. A corpus-based study of the verbobservarin English-Spanish translations of biomedical research articles. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 19:1 ► pp. 85 ff.
Bernardini, S.
Gumul, Ewa
Lopriore, Lucilla
Ndlovu, Victor
Bateman, John A.
2005. Review of Teich, Rothkegel & Laffling (2003): Cross-Linguistic Variation in System and Text: A methodology for the Investigation of Translations and Comparable Texts. Languages in Contrast 5:1 ► pp. 165 ff.
Klaudy, Kinga & Krisztina Károly
Tamaki, Yuko
2005. Foreignization in another context. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 3:2 ► pp. 193 ff.
Bosseaux, Charlotte
Bosseaux, Charlotte
Chen, Wallace
Chen, Wallace
Colominas, Carme
Gauton, Rachélle & Gilles-Maurice de Schryver
Hernández-Bartolomé1, Ana I. & Gustavo Mendiluce-Cabrera1
Mutesayire, Martha
Naudé, Jacobus
Nevalainen, Sampo
Saldanha, Gabriela
Saldanha, Gabriela
Tiayon, Charles
Alves, Fábio
Alvstad, Cecilia
Chesterman, Andrew
Halverson, Sandra L.
2003. The cognitive basis of translation universals. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Olohan, Maeve
2003. How frequent are the contractions?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Puurtinen, Tiina
Sardinha, Antonio P. Berber
Santos, Diana
Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja
2002. Translationese – a myth or an empirical fact?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 14:2 ► pp. 207 ff.
Paloposki, Outi
2001. Enriching translations, simplified language?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 13:2 ► pp. 265 ff.
Schäffner, Christina & Beverly Adab
Baker, Mona
2000. Towards a Methodology for Investigating the Style of a Literary Translator. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12:2 ► pp. 241 ff.
Baker, Mona
Moropa, Koliswa
Moropa, Koliswa
Rothe-Neves, Rui
2000. On Justification in Translation Studies. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Schäffner, Christina
Schäffner, Christina
Schäffner, Christina
Ballard, Michel
1997. Créativité et traduction. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9:1 ► pp. 85 ff.
Laviosa, Sara
1997. How Comparable Can 'Comparable Corpora' Be?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9:2 ► pp. 287 ff.
Laviosa, Sara
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
