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Article published In: Target
Vol. 7:2 (1995) ► pp.191–222

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The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies

 | University of Bergen, Norway
Published online: 1 January 1995
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https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.02kol
Abstract
Regardless of the approach one uses in the study of translating and translations, it remains necessary to delimit the legitimate field of concern. I.e. translations must be identified and described sui generis as the results of a text-processing activity. From the linguistic and text-theoretical perspective this objective is fulfilled by the concept of equivalence; a translation is defined as a secondary text that stands in an equivalence relation to a primary text. The range of the equivalence-oriented approach and the possibilities it offers for systematic description and explanation of translational phenomena are, however, limited. Its problems and limitations become apparent not only in the context of historical translation research, but also whenever interest focusses upon the text-productive—i.e. ultimately creative—aspect of translation, as opposed to its reproductive aspect, i.e. the linguistic-textual relationships between languages and texts as these are deduced from regularities.
Résumé
Toute démarche traductologique suppose acquise la délimitation du champ d'observation approprié: il convient d'identifier et d'analyser des traductions en tant que telles, comme les résultats d'un acte de production textuelle. A cette visée correspond, du point de vue linguistique et textuel, le concept d'équivalence: une traduction est un texte secondaire qui est en relation d'équivalence avec un texte primaire. Mais la démarche fondée sur le concept d'équivalence a ses limites. Elles sont manifestes sur le plan historique, mais également lorsqu'on insiste sur les aspects productifs et créateurs de la traduction, en les distinguant de ses propriétés reproductrices, les relations linguistico-textuelles entre les langues et les textes, qui sont engendrées par des régularités.
Article outline
  • 1.The Complexity of Translation and the Variety of Approaches in Translation Research
  • 2.The Need to Determine the Object(s) of Translation Research
  • 3.Translation from a Linguistic and Textual Perspective: The Conditioning Factors, Double Linkage, and the Equivalence Frameworks of Translation
  • 4.Descriptive and Prescriptive Orientation, Theory and Practice, Translational Phenomena
  • 5.Problems and Limitations of the Equivalence-Oriented Approach in Translation Studies
    • 5.1.Translation as "Linguistic-Cultural Craft": The Equivalence Concept and Historical Translation Research
    • 5.2.Equivalence-Guided Text Reproduction and Text Production in Translation
    • 5.3.Borderline Cases: Translation with Elements of Text Revision
    • 5.4.Beyond the Limits: Revision with Translated Elements
  • 6.Summary
  • Notes
  • References
  • Texts
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2014. Text Analysis and Translation. In A Companion to Translation Studies, ► pp. 67 ff. DOI logo
Orozco-Jutoran, Mariana
2014. The EULA’s labyrinth: Mapping the process. Across Languages and Cultures 15:2 ► pp. 199 ff. DOI logo
신진원
2014. Attitude Shift in News Editorial Translation. The Journal of Translation Studies 15:2 ► pp. 95 ff. DOI logo
Ervas, Francesca
2013. The Definition of Translation in Davidson’s Philosophy: Semantic Equivalence versus Functional Equivalence. TTR 25:1 ► pp. 243 ff. DOI logo
Nord, Christiane
2012. Quo vadis, functional translatology?. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24:1 ► pp. 26 ff. DOI logo
Depraetere, Ilse
2011. Introduction. In Perspectives on Translation Quality, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
El-dali, Hosni Mostafa
2011. Towards an understanding of the distinctive nature of translation studies. Journal of King Saud University - Languages and Translation 23:1 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo
Desmidt, Isabelle
2010. (Re)translation Revisited. Meta 54:4 ► pp. 669 ff. DOI logo
Schäffner, Christina
2010. Norms of translation. In Handbook of Translation Studies [Handbook of Translation Studies, 1], ► pp. 235 ff. DOI logo
Schäffner, Christina
2011. Theory of translatorial action. In Handbook of Translation Studies [Handbook of Translation Studies, 2], ► pp. 157 ff. DOI logo
Fernández Sánchez, Manuela
2009. Punto de vista interno y externo sobre la traducción: ¿Podemos decir algo nuevo desde la traductología contemporánea?. Meta 50:4 DOI logo
Wohlfart, Irmengard
2009. Investigating a double translation of culture. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21:2 ► pp. 265 ff. DOI logo
Fusari, Sabrina
2007. The Discourse of Philanthropy in Italy and The United States: A Case Study of Interparadigmatic Translation.. Journal of Intercultural Communication 7:2 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Fusari, Sabrina
2009. Between English Humour and National Stereotypes – Translating Stephen Clarke’s Novel Merde Happens into Italian. Journal of Intercultural Communication 9:2 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Snell-Hornby, Mary
2007. “What’s in a name?”. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 19:2 ► pp. 313 ff. DOI logo
Torop, Peeter
2007. Methodological remarks on the study of translation and translating. Semiotica 2007:163 DOI logo
Halverson, S.L.
2006. Translational Equivalence. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ► pp. 100 ff. DOI logo
House, Juliane
2006. Text and context in translation. Journal of Pragmatics 38:3 ► pp. 338 ff. DOI logo
House, Juliane
2013. Assessing Translation. In The Companion to Language Assessment, ► pp. 248 ff. DOI logo
House, Juliane
2014. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. In Translation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, ► pp. 241 ff. DOI logo
Nord, C.
2006. Functional and Skopos Oriented Approaches to Translation. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ► pp. 662 ff. DOI logo
Koller, Werner
2004. Untranslatable Words – Translatable Texts? Or, Translatable Words – Untranslatable Texts?. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 2:2 ► pp. 59 ff. DOI logo
Zethsen, Karen Korning
2004. Latin-based terms. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 16:1 ► pp. 125 ff. DOI logo
Hu, Helen Chau
2003. Cognitive-functional considerations in translating. IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 41:2 DOI logo
Sandra, Halverson
2002. Cognitive Models, Prototype Effects and 'Translation'. Across Languages and Cultures 3:1 ► pp. 21 ff. DOI logo
Feinauer, Ilse
1998. 'N BEKENDSTELLING VAN DIE PROJEK: TAALGEBONDE VERSKUIWINGS TUSSEN AFRIKAANS EN ENGELS. South African Journal of Linguistics 16:sup35 ► pp. 51 ff. DOI logo
Halverson, Sandra L.
1997. The Concept of Equivalence in Translation Studies. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9:2 ► pp. 207 ff. DOI logo
Halverson, Sandra L.
1999. Conceptual Work and the "Translation" Concept1. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 11:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Halverson, Sandra L.
2000. The Fault Line in Our Common Ground. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12:2 ► pp. 356 ff. DOI logo
Halverson, Sandra L.
2010. Translation. In Handbook of Translation Studies [Handbook of Translation Studies, 1], ► pp. 378 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2017. Reflections on Translation Theory [Benjamins Translation Library, 132], DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2023. Questions for Translation Studies [Benjamins Translation Library, 162], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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