Schemata, scripts and the gay issue in contemporary dubbed sitcoms
Published online: 6 July 2010
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.22.1.05val
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.22.1.05val
This article examines the translational choices in the Spanish dubbed version of the American sitcom Will & Grace for the terms ‘gay’, ‘homosexual’, ‘queer’ and ‘fag’. Firstly, I introduce the main features of the programme before moving on to present research on gay-related issues within Translation Studies. Drawing on Fairclough’s approach to discourse, the next section discusses the concepts of ‘schemata’ and ‘scripts’, as used here, and relates them to the concept of identity. The evolution of the lexical items ‘gay’, ‘homosexual’, ‘queer’ and ‘fag’ is examined (Hughes 1991; Allan & Burridge 2006) before presenting data on the preferred choices in the original programme as well as in the Spanish version. Baker’s strategies for word equivalence (1992) will be used to establish whether the use of negative terms such as ‘marica’ and ‘maricón’ aptly replace the source language term, ‘gay’. The article concludes with a discussion of whether the dysphemic nature of the terms prevails and whether traditional schemata are maintained.
Keywords: schemata, scripts, stereotypes, identity, ‘gay’, ‘homosexual’, ‘queer’, ‘fag’, ‘marica’
Résumé
L’article étudie les options suivies dans le traitement de termes tels que ‘gay’, ‘homosexual’, ‘queer’ et ‘fag’ dans le doublage en espagnol de la comédie de situation américaine Will & Grace. Je discute d’abord les lignes de force du programme avant de passer aux recherches relatives à la question de l’homosexualité en ‘Translation Studies’. Après une présentation de l’approche de Fairclough face au discours, je discute les concepts de ‘schémas’ et de ‘scénario’ en les rattachant à l’“identité”. Ensuite vient l’évolution des notions de ‘gay’, ‘homosexual’, ‘queer’ et ‘fag’ (Hughes 1991 ; Allan et Burridge 2006) ; puis il s’agit des options prioritaires dans le programme des sélections, dans l’original comme dans la version espagnole. En termes d’équivalence au niveau du mot, c’est l’approche de Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words. London/New York: Routledge. qui est exploitée afin de déterminer la pertinence de termes négatifs tels que “marica’ et ‘maricon’ comme substituts de ‘gay’. L’étude finit en examinant à quel point la connotation péjorative et les sous-entendus traditionnels sont, en fin de compte, maintenus.
Mots clés : schémas, scénario, stéréotypes, identité, ‘homo’, ‘homosexuel’, ‘inverti’, ‘pédé’, ‘sodomite’
Article outline
- Introduction
- Gay issues in Translation Studies
- Identity and language
- Lexical choices in Will & Grace
- The dubbed version
- Final discussion
- Notes
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