Discussion published In: Target
Vol. 21:2 (2009) ► pp.333–357
Discussion
The translator’s immobility
English modern classics in Italy
Published online: 16 December 2009
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.21.2.06ven
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.21.2.06ven
Translations are facts of target cultures, but the perceived status of source texts has a bearing on how these are reflected or refracted in the target language. This proposition is particularly evident in the case of classics: when translators have to work on literary creations occupying a pivotal position in the source/target cultures, they adopt strategies of literalness and ennoblement which betray a quasi-religious awe—on the one hand, a desire to ruffle the surface of the revered original as little as possible; and on the other, a determination to reproduce the supposed ‘classical qualities’ of the classic even when they are not present in the source. In the following article, I examine how the ‘idea of classic’ influences translation theory and practice, substantiating my theoretical observations by looking at Italian translations of English classics. A marked—and historically determined—disparity between source and target readerships, and the translators’ reverence for their prestigious originals, conspire to produce Italian versions which are much more ‘wooden’ and ‘elegant’ than their English counterparts.
Résumé
Les traductions sont des phénomènes de la intérieur de la culture cible. Cependant, la perception des textes source a son impact sur la manière dont les traductions se définissent dans la langue d’arrivée. Une telle conception est d’une évidence particulière dans le cas des textes classiques : dès que les traducteurs se préoccupent d’oeuvres littéraires qui ont une position-clef dans les cultures de départ/d’arrivée, ils optent pour des stratégies littérales et de littérarisation qui dénotent une fascination en quelque sorte religieuse : d’une part, l’ambition de toucher aussi peu que possible à la surface de l’original et, d’autre part, la détermination de reproduire les qualités “reconnues comme classiques” de l’oeuvre en question, même, à la rigueur, lorsqu’elles ne s’y présentent pas de manière objective. Dans le présent article, Paola Venturi examine comment au juste l’ “idée de l’oeuvre classique” oriente la théorie et les pratiques en matière de traduction. Elle fonde ses observations théoriques sur l’observation des traductions italiennes de classiques anglais modernes. Le décalage manifeste—conditionné par un statut historique bien particulier—entre les audiences source et cible, ainsi que le respect de la part des traducteurs pour l’original tout prestigieux et en quelque sorte sacré, tendent à générer des versions italiennes bien plus “mécaniques” et “élégantes” que leurs équivalents anglais.
Article outline
- 1.English classics in Italian translation
- 2.What is a classic? The classic as a “sacred” text
- 3.English writers, Italian readers, and immobile translators
- Notes
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