Salim al Dawudi and the beginnings of translation into Arabic of Modern Hebrew Literature
Published online: 26 May 2008
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20.1.04kay
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.20.1.04kay
This article deals with the beginnings of the translation of Modern Hebrew literature into Arabic, and at the same time with the beginnings of Arabic literary writing by Jewish intellectuals. We will focus on Salim al-Dawudi’s translation of the first Hebrew novel, Avraham Mapu’s Ahavat Tsiyon [The love of Zion] (1853), one of the most important texts to advocate the renewal of ties between Jews and Palestine. Al-Dawudi’s translation was published in Egypt in two non-identical editions in 1899 and 1921–1922, and is probably the first Arabic translation of Modern Hebrew literature. When he declared that his translation was designed to remind his people that Hebrew was a living language, al-Dawudi accorded his translation Jewish national aspirations, which is perhaps the reason for the mixed aims of his translation’s policy. On the one hand, there are phenomena that illustrate his desire to be accepted in the target culture, such as neglect of the integrity of the text, raising its stylistic register, preserving the ethical norms of the source text and even a tendency to paraphrase. On the other hand, there are places that display over-consideration of the source language and text, such as numerous deviations from the standard linguistic, syntactical and grammatical rules of Arabic, preservation of elements unique to Jewish culture and a multitude of Hebrew interferences in the Arabic translation. This unsystematic behavior apparently reflects a lack of literary skills, deep admiration of the source text (and language), and the fact that the translation was addressed mainly to a Jewish audience.
Résumé
L’article examine les débuts de la traduction en arabe de la littérature hébraïque moderne et, en même temps, les débuts de l’écriture en arabe littéraire par des intellectuels juifs. L’attention portera sur la traduction par Salim al-Dawudi du premier roman hébreu, Ahavat Tsiyon [L’amour de Sion] (1853), par Avraham Mapu. Ce roman représente en fait une des attestations majeures du renouveau des liens entre les juifs et la Palestine. La traduction d’al-Dawudi paraît en deux éditions différentes en Égypte, en 1899 et en 1921–1922 ; il s’agit vraisemblablement de la première traduction en arabe de la littérature hébraïque moderne. En déclarant que sa version a pour fin de rappeler à son peuple le statut de l’hébreu en tant que langue vivante, al-Dawudi assortit son texte d’aspirations juives nationales ; d’où sans doute le caractère hybride de sa stratégie traductive. D’une part, certains phénomènes illustrent son désir de se faire accepter dans la culture-cible : tel le fait de renoncer à l’intégralité du texte, le fait de rehausser le registre stylistique, ou de préserver les normes éthiques du texte-source, voire de tendre à la paraphrase. D’autre part, certains passages révèlent une surconsidération de la langue-source et du texte-source: en témoignent de nombreux écarts par rapport aux règles linguistiques, syntaxiques et grammaticales de l’arabe standard, la préservation d’éléments propres à la culture juive et une multitude d’interférences hébreu-arabe. La démarche non-systématique de la part du traducteur semble s’expliquer par un manque de maîtrise littéraire, par une profonde admiration pour le texte-source et pour la langue-source, et par le fait que la traduction s’adresse en priorité à une audience juive.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Historical background
- 3.Arabic literary writing among Jewish intellectuals
- 4.Translation from Hebrew to Arabic from the end of the 19th century up to 1948
- 5.Who was Salim (Shalom) al-Dawudi and what were his motives in translating Ahavat Tsiyon?
- 6.Dawudi’s translation policy
- 7.Summary
- Notes
References
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