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Article published In: Target
Vol. 32:1 (2020) ► pp.83–121

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How are translation norms negotiated?

A case study of risk management in Chinese institutional translation

ORCiD logo with link | University of Melbourne
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

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Published online: 6 February 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19050.hu
Abstract
Translation norms are conventionally viewed as forces that regulate translatorial behavior. Yet little is known about how norms are validated, challenged or broken by human agents. This quasi-experimental study of Chinese institutional translation proposes a risk-management model that explains how norms are jointly negotiated among the agents embedded in different institutional milieus. It is argued that norms are validated by the translators who strategically manage and weigh various translation risks pertaining to both the start and target cultures.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Norm theory revisited
    • 2.1Descriptive and explanatory
    • 2.2Target-oriented focus
    • 2.3So where do ‘people’ come in?
  • 3.This study
    • 3.1Study background
    • 3.2Methods
    • 3.3Instrument
    • 3.4Participants
  • 4.Quantitative results
  • 5.Qualitative results
    • 5.1Question: “Have you ever received any clear guidance as to how to translate official documents?”
      • 5.1.1Answer: “It’s my strategy. But not a written rule”
      • 5.1.2Answer: “As a staff translator, I prefer a faithful translation”
      • 5.1.3Answer: “It depends on what kind of faithfulness you want to pursue”
      • 5.1.4Answer: “The translation should sound ‘formal’”
      • 5.1.5Answer: “Different foreign-affairs offices do things differently”
    • 5.2Question: “Have you considered who will read this?”
      • 5.2.1Answer: “It depends on where you want to use the translation”
      • 5.2.2Answer: “There are two sorts [of readers]”
      • 5.2.3Answer: “It doesn’t matter whether the reader is male or female”
      • 5.2.4Answer: “It depends on who I am going to work for”
      • 5.2.5Answer: “‘Sounding local’ is not always positive”
      • 5.2.6Answer: “Nobody would read it”
      • 5.2.7Answer: “Interpreting is different”
    • 5.3Question: “Do you tend to rewrite the start text? If not, why not?”
      • 5.3.1Answer: “Trust me, there are many worse start texts than this”
      • 5.3.2Answer: “The premier just wanted to amuse his audience”
      • 5.3.3Answer: “I was asked to translate the title as ‘Governor’ rather than ‘Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee’”
      • 5.3.4Answer: “I definitely won’t rewrite the text”
      • 5.3.5Answer: “Literalism is a safer choice for staff translators”
  • 6.Discussion
  • 7.In conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Note
  • References
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