Foreign names into native tongues
How to transfer sound between languages – transliteration, phonological translation, nativization, and implications for translation theory
Published online: 2 August 2007
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19.1.04li
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19.1.04li
The transfer of sound from one language into another is not a uniform process, but rather, takes different forms depending on the orthographies and phonological properties of source and target languages, the less common of which involve processes significantly different from transliteration between European phonetic scripts. This paper pools techniques commonly used in loanword phonology and second language acquisition to illustrate complications that arise when translating names from English into languages such as Japanese and Chinese, which differ significantly from the source language in syllable structure and orthographic convention. Competing strategies of adaptation and accommodation are placed in the context of lexical retrieval and compared with experimental studies of nativization in interlanguage. It will be shown that for names to be perceived as similar-sounding across language boundaries, it would be desirable to look beyond segmental equivalence and consider stress, syllable count and other suprasegmental factors that play a greater role in phonological memory.
Résumé
Le transfert des sons d’une langue à l’autre n’est pas un processus uniforme : il adopte diverses modalités, qui dépendent de l’orthographe et des propriétés phonologiques des langues sources et des langues cibles ; la moins commune implique des processus considérablement différents de la translittération entre écritures phonétiques européennes. Cet article compare des techniques couramment utilisées dans des disciplines comme la phonologie des emprunts lexicaux et l’acquisition d’une deuxième langue, afin d’illustrer les difficultés qui surgissent lorsqu’on traduit des noms anglais en des langues telles que le japonais et le chinois. Ces langues sont en effet sensiblement différentes quant à leur structure syllabique et quant à leurs conventions orthographiques. Des stratégies concurrentes d’adaptation et d’emprunt sont rapportées au contexte de l’extraction lexicale et se trouvent ensuite comparées à des études expérimentales de la nativisation en interlangue. Pour que les noms soient phonétiquement perçus comme similaires par delà les barrières de la langue, il serait souhaitable de dépasser la perspective de l’équivalence segmentale et de prendre en considération l’accent tonique, le nombre des syllabes ainsi que d’autres facteurs suprasegmentaux qui jouent un rôle plus central dans la mémoire phonologique.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Transliteration processes
- 2.1Spanish to English
- 2.2English to Polish
- 2.3English to Japanese
- 2.4English to (Mandarin) Chinese
- 3.Experiments
- 3.1.Lin (2003)—Speakers’ perspective
- 3.2The present study—Listeners’ perspective
- 3.2.1Experiment 1: Back translation
- 3.2.2Experiment 2: Similarity ratings
- 3.3Discussion
- 4.Conclusion
- Notes
References
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2017. When translation is not about meaning. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63:5 ► pp. 621 ff.
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