Self-repair as a norm-related strategy in simultaneous interpreting and its implications for gendered approaches to interpreting
Published online: 29 March 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.18076.mag
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.18076.mag
Abstract
This paper analyses a possible gendered manifestation of norms in interpreting. It focuses on the use of self-repair, a textual expression of the norm, by male and female interpreters. Two research questions are examined: (1) whether the extent to which self-repairs occur in interpreting is gendered and (2) whether gender influences the way in which the output is repaired using editing terms. Considering the literature on gender and norm-compliance, female interpreters are expected to produce more self-repairs and editing terms than male interpreters. The research is based on the 2008 subcorpus of EPICG with French source speeches and their English and Dutch interpretations. The interpreters’ self-repairs were manually identified and statistically compared. Regarding the first question, it appears that gender influences the use of self-repairs in interpreting. As for the second one, statistical analysis reveals language-based patterns: in the English booth, women use significantly more editing terms than men. The French/Dutch subcorpus yields no significant difference. However, women seem to also use apologies as editing terms.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Norms in interpreting
- 3.Gender and norms
- 4.Interpreting norms and corpora
- 5.Data and methodology
- 5.1Data
- 5.2Methodology
- 6.Results
- 6.1Research question 1
- 6.2Research question 2
- 7.Discussion
- 8.Conclusion
- Note
References
References (71)
Bachy, Sylviane, Anne Dister, Michel Francard, Geneviève Geron, Vincent Giroul, Philippe Hambye, Anne-Catherine Simon, and Régine Wilmet. 2007. Conventions de transcription régissant les corpus de la banque de données VALIBEL [Conventions to transcribe corpora in the VALIBEL database]. Accessed October 15, 2013 [URL]
Bakti, Mária, and Judit Bóna. 2016. “Self-Monitoring Processes in Simultaneous Interpreting.” In FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 14 (2): 194–210.
Barik, Henri. 1971. “A Description of Various Types of Omissions, Additions and Errors of Translation Encountered in Simultaneous Interpretation.” Meta 16 (4): 199–210.
Bendazzoli, Claudio, Annalisa Sandrelli, and Mariachiara Russo. 2011. “Disfluencies in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Corpus-Based Analysis.” In Corpus-Based Translation Studies: Research and Applications, edited by Alet Kruger, Kim Wallmach, and Jeremy Munday, 282–306. London: Continuum.
Bergvall, Victoria, Janet M. Bing, and Alice F. Freed. 1996. Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
. 2011. “Rethinking Language and Gender Research. Theory and Practice.” In The Sage Handbook of Sociolinguistics, edited by Wodak Ruth, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul E. Kerswill, 411–423. London: Sage.
Bernardini, Silvia, Adriano Ferraresi, Mariachiara Russo, Camille Collard, and Bart Defrancq. 2018. “Building Interpreting and Intermodal Corpora: A How-To for a Formidable Task.” In Making Way in Corpus-Based Interpreting Studies, edited by Claudio Bendazzoli, Mariachiara Russo, and Bart Defrancq, 21–42. Singapore: Springer.
Bühler, Hildegund. 1986. “Linguistic (Semantic) and Extra-linguistic (Pragmatic) Criteria for the Evaluation of Conference Interpretation and Interpreters.” Multilingua 5 (4): 231–235.
Butler, Judith. 1988. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” Theatre Journal 40 (4): 519–531.
Cecot, Michela. 2001. “Pauses in Simultaneous Interpretation: A Contrastive Analysis of Professional Interpreters’ Performances.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 111: 63–85.
Chambers, J. K., and Peter Trudgill. 1998. Dialectology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chiaro, Delia, and Giuseppe Nocella. 2004. “Interpreters’ Perception of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Factors Affecting Quality: A Survey through the World Wide Web.” Meta 49 (2): 278–293.
Dailidėnaitė, Alina. 2009. “Directionality: Types and Frequency of Repairs in Simultaneous Interpretation.” Vertimo Studijos 2 (2): 9–25.
Diriker, Ebru. 2004. De-/Re-contextualizing Conference Interpreting: Interpreters in the Ivory Tower? Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Duflou, Veerle. 2016. Be(com)ing a Conference Interpreter: An Ethnography of EU Interpreters as a Professional Community. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Eagly, Alice H., Wendy Wood, and Amanda B. Diekman. 2000. “Social Role Theory of Sex Differences and Similarities: A Current Appraisal.” In The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender, edited by Thomas Eckes and Hanns M. Trautner, 123–174. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Eckert, Penelope, and Sally McConnell-Ginet. 2003. Language and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garzone, Giuliana. 2002. “Quality and Norms in Interpretation.” In Interpreting in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities, edited by Giuliana Garzone and Maurizio Viezzi, 121–130. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gerver, David. 1969. “The Effects of Source Language Presentation Rate on the Performance of Simultaneous Conference Interpreters.” In Proceedings of the Second Louisville Conference on Rate and/or Frequency Controlled Speech, edited by Emerson Foulke, 162–184. Louisville, KY: University of Louisville.
Gile, Daniel. 1995. Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 1998. “Norms in Research on Conference Interpreting: A Response to Theo Hermans and Gideon Toury.” Language and Society 5 (1–2): 99–106.
Harris, Brian. 1990. “Norms in Interpretation.” Target 2 (1): 115–119.
Hyde, Janeth, and Marica Linn. 1988. “Gender Differences in Verbal Ability: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 104 (1): 53–69.
Jansen, Peter. 1992. “The Role of the Interpreter in Dutch Courtroom Interaction: The Impact of the Situation on Translational Norms.” In Selected Papers of the CERA Research Seminars in Translation Studies 1992–1993, edited by Peter Jansen, 133–155. Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
Kalina, Sylvia. 1998. Strategische Prozesse beim Dolmetschen: theoretische Grundlagen, empirische Fallstudien, didaktische Konsequenzen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Katan, David, and Francesco Straniero Sergio. 2001. “Look Who’s Talking. The Ethics of Entertainment and Talkshow Interpreting.” The Translator 7 (2): 213–237.
. 2003. “Submerged Ideologies in Media Interpreting.” In Apropos of Ideology, edited by Maria Calzada Pérez, 131–144. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Kopczynski, Andrzej. 1994. “Quality in Conference Interpreting: Some Pragmatic Problems.” In Translation Studies. An Interdiscipline, edited by Mary Snell-Hornby, Franz Pöchhacker, and Klaus Kaindl, 189–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kurz, Ingrid. 2000. “Conference Interpreting: Quality in the Ears of the User.” Meta 46 (2): 394–409.
Kurz, Ingrid, and Pöchhacker, Franz. 1995. “Quality in TV Interpreting.” Translatio. Nouvelles de la FIT – FIT Newsletter 15 (3/4): 350–358.
Labov, William. 1966. The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
. 1990. “The Intersection of Sex and Social Class in The Course of Linguistic Change.” Language Variation and Change 2 (2): 205–254.
Lederer, Marianne. 1981. La traduction simultanée – Fondements théoriques. Paris: Minard Lettres Modernes.
Magnifico, Cédric, and Bart Defrancq. 2016. “Impoliteness in Interpreting: A Question of Gender?” Translation and Interpreting 8 (2): 26–45.
. 2017. “Hedges in Conference Interpreting: The Role of Gender.” Interpreting 19 (1): 21–46.
Marzocchi, Carlo. 2005. “On Norms and Ethics in the Discourse on Interpreting.” The Interpreter’s Newsletter 131: 87–107.
Monacelli, Claudia. 2009. Self-Preservation in Simultaneous Interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Moser, Peter. 1995. Simultanes Konferenzdolmetschen. Anforderungen und Erwartungen der Benutzer. Endbericht im Auftrag von AIIC. Vienna: SRZ Stadt und Regionalforschung GmbH.
. 1996. “Expectations of Users of Conference Interpretation.” Interpreting 1/21: 145–178.
Moser-Mercer, Barbara. 1996. “Quality in Interpreting: Some Methodological Issues.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 71: 43–55.
Ng, Bee Chin. 1992. “End Users’ Subjective Reaction to the Performance of Student Interpreters.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter, special issue 11: 35–41.
Petite, Christelle. 2005. “Evidence of Repair Mechanisms in Simultaneous Interpreting. A Corpus-Based Analysis.” Interpreting 7 (1): 27–49.
Pöchhacker, Franz. 1995. “Simultaneous Interpreting: A Functionalist Perspective.” Hermes. Journal of Linguistics 141: 31–53.
Pöchhacker, Franz, and Cornelia Zwischenberger. 2010. “Survey on Quality and Role: Conference Interpreters’ Expectations and Self-Perceptions.” Accessed October 14, 2017. [URL]
Pool, G. J., A. F. Schwegler, B. R. Theodore, and P. N. Fuchs. 2007. “Role of Gender Norms and Group Identification on Hypothetical and Experimental Pain Tolerance.” Pain 129 (1–2): 122–129.
Postma, Albert. 2000. “Detection of Errors during Speech Production: A Review of Speech Monitoring Models.” Cognition 77 (2): 97–132.
Postma, Albert, and Herman H. J. Kolk. 1993. “The Covert Repair Hypothesis: Prearticulatory Repair Processes in Normal and Stuttered Disfluencies.” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 36 (3): 472–487.
Reiss, Katharina, and Hans J. Vermeer. 1984. Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Ruel, Allred. 1990. “Gender Differences in Spelling Achievement in Grades 1 through 6.” The Journal of Educational Research 83 (4): 187–193.
Russo, Mariachiara. 2016. “Orality and Gender: A Corpus-Based Study on Lexical Patterns in Simultaneous Interpreting.” In Translating Orality / La traducción de la oralidad, edited by Cesáreo Calvo and Nicoletta Spinolo, special issue of MonTI 31: 307–322.
. 2018. “Speaking Patterns and Gender in the European Parliament Interpreting Corpus. A Quantitative Study as a Premise for Qualitative Investigations.” In Making Way in Corpus-Based Interpreting Studies, edited by Claudio Bendazzoli, Mariachiara Russo, and Bart Defrancq, 115–131. Singapore: Springer.
Schjoldager, Anne. 1995. “An Exploratory Study of Translational Norms in Simultaneous Interpreting: Methodological Reflections.” Hermes. Journal of Linguistics 141: 65–87.
Seleskovitch, Daniela. 1975. Langage, langues et mémoire: Étude de la prise de notes en interprétation consécutive. Paris: Minard Lettres Modernes.
Shlesinger, Miriam. 1989. “Extending the Theory of Translation to Interpretation: Norms as a Case in Point.” Target 1 (1): 111–115.
Straniero Sergio, Francesco. 2003. “Norms and Quality in Media Interpreting: The Case of Formula One Press-Conferences.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 121: 135–174.
. 2007. Talkshow Interpreting. La mediazione linguistica nella comunicazione spettacolare. Trieste: EUT.
Tissi, Beneditta. 2000. “Silent Pauses and Disfluencies in Simultaneous Interpretation: A Descriptive Analysis.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 101: 103–127.
. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Trudgill, Peter. 1972. “Sex, Covert Prestige and Linguistic Change in the Urban British English of Norwich.” Language in Society 11: 179–195.
Van Besien, Fred, and Chris Meuleman. 2004. “Dealing with Speakers’ Errors and Speakers’ Repairs in Simultaneous Interpretation.” The Translator 10 (1): 59–81.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Şener Erkırtay, Olcay
Acosta Vicente, Carmen
Götz, Andrea
2023. Adding connectives to manage interpreted discourse. In Pragmatics and Translation [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 337], ► pp. 51 ff.
Lee, Jieun & Seoyeon Hong
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
