The importance of re-naming Ernest?
Italian translations of Oscar Wilde
Published online: 15 August 2006
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.05pab
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.05pab
The present descriptive study considers different translation strategies adopted by Italian translators of Oscar Wilde’s The importance of being Earnest (1895). The focus of attention is on the phenomenon of the pun involving the speaking name Ernest, whose homophony with earnest is exploited in the play’s title. Italian translators of The importance have thus been faced with the bind of having to decide on whether to render the said wordplay, even though only unsatisfactorily, by replacing the transparent name Ernest with a target language ‘equivalent’, or safeguard the cultural-onomastic ‘reality’ of the play, i.e. leave the Victorian given name Ernest in its source text form. It turns out that the latter policy is generally compensated for—as part of the metatextual/metalinguistic discourse—within prefaces, glosses and, more significantly, via intratextual additions. The translators opting for replacing Ernest with an Italian counterpart, in turn, have, as a direct consequence of their basic choice, been able to enrich their versions of The importance with unprecedented puns, which underlines the ‘creative’ dimension involved in producing literary translations. Besides the two core translation policies described above, the translators have also opted for introducing the nativized form Ernesto, thus showing little concern with the questions of ‘cultural purity’ or punning, respectively. The present paper suggests that translators make very different demands on themselves and have very different ideas of what constitutes the ‘optimal’ strategy with regard to punning and the representation of the source cultural world.
Résumé
La présente étude descriptive examine les différentes stratégies de traduction adoptées par les traducteurs italiens de L’importance d’être constant (1895) de Oscar Wilde. L’attention porte sur le calembour impliquant la réalisation orale du nom propre Ernest dont l’homophonie avec earnest est exploitée dans le titre de la pièce. Les traducteurs italiens de The Importance ont donc dÛ faire face au choix épineux entre préserver le calembour en remplaçant le nom transparent Ernest par un équivalent dans la langue cible, ou sauvegarder la réalité onomastico-culturelle, c.a.d. laissant le prénom victorien Ernest tel qu’on le trouve dans le texte-source. Il s’avère que cette dernière politique est généralement compensée par le discours métatextuel/métalinguistique à l’intérieur des préfaces, gloses, ou, plus significativement, par des ajouts intratextuels. De leur côté, les traducteurs italiens qui ont opté pour la substitution d’Ernest par un équivalent italien, ont, du fait de leur choix, pu enrichir leur version de The Importance de calembours inattendus, illustrant ainsi la dimension "créative" dans la production des traductions littéraires. En plus des deux politiques de base énumérées ci-dessus, les traducteurs ont aussi opté pour l’introduction du nom nativisé Ernesto, montrant ainsi peu d’intérêt pour la "pureté culturelle" d’une part ou le calembour d’autre part. De nouveau, il s’avère que les traducteurs se créent des exigences bien différentes et nourrissent des idées bien différentes sur ce qui constituerait la stratégie "optimale" concernant le calembour et la représentation de la réalité culturelle de texte source.
Article outline
- 1.Scope and aim
- 2.Target-orientedness versus source-orientedness
- 3.Source text considerations
- 3.1Earnestness in Victorian England
- 3.2Earnestness satirized within the play
- 4.Target text considerations
- 4.1Oscar Wilde’s Importance in Italian
- 4.2Corpus-based analysis
- 4.2.1Translators concerned with cultural homogeneity
- 4.2.2Cultural homogeneity and onomastic wordplay
- 4.2.3Translators favouring onomastic wordplay
- 4.2.4Cultural heterogeneity without onomastic wordplay
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
References
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Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Valdeón, Roberto A.
2022. The voice(s) of Julio Gómez de la Serna in Oscar Wilde’s Obras completas
. Translation and Interpreting Studies 17:2 ► pp. 220 ff.
Sato, Eriko
2019. A translation-based heterolingual pun and translanguaging. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 31:3 ► pp. 444 ff.
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