Inculturation and acculturation in the translation of religious texts
The translations of Jesuit priest José de Anchieta into Tupi in 16th century Brazil
Published online: 15 August 2006
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.04alv
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.04alv
This article examines the translation of religious texts by the Jesuit missionary Joséde Anchieta in Brazil in the 16th century. The article shows that Anchieta used a large amount of inculturation, a readiness to mix Catholic and native Indian terms, in order to achieve the catechism of the Indians, their acculturation into Catholicism. However, this inculturation always remained at a superficial level as Anchieta used terms from the spiritual world of the Tupi Indians but made no attempt to understand the deeper meaning of these terms. The article describes the background of Spanish and Portuguese colonizers in Latin America, lists the characteristics of the Tupi Indian language and analyzes a number of Anchieta’s writings in Tupi in which he translated certain important Christian concepts into Tupi.
Résumé
L’article examine les traductions de textes religieux au Brésil, dues au missionnaire jésuite José de Anchieta au cours du XVIe siècle. Il permet de constater qu’Anchieta eut un large recours à des procédés d’inculturation, en mêlant notamment les termes catholiques et indiens, en vue de réussir la catéchisation des Indiens et, corrélativement, leur acculturation au catholicisme. Néanmoins, cette inculturation se cantonnait à un niveau plus superficiel pour ce qui est de la terminologie propre au monde spirituel des Indiens. L’étude s’ouvre sur une description du milieu historique des colonisateurs espagnols et portugais ; il fournit ensuite une liste des caractéristiques de la langue indienne tupi ; il analyse enfin les textes où Anchieta produit des traductions en tupi des notions chrétiennes les plus importantes.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The views of the early missionaries in Latin America
- 3.The Jesuits in Brazil and the Portuguese colonizers
- 4.The Tupi language
- 5.Anchieta and the role of the Catholic Priest
- 6.The strategies for accomplishing cultural translation
- 7.Conclusion
- Notes
References
References (24)
Anchieta, Joseph S.J. 1954. Poesias. Manuscrito do século XVI, em português, castelhano, latim e tupi, tr. Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins. São Paulo: Comissão do IV Centenário.
Beall, Stephen, M. 1996. “Translation and inculturation in the Catholic Church”. Adoremus Bulletin, Online Edition—Vol. II, No. 6: October 1996.
Brandão, Helena H.N. 1978. Uma Análise do Discurso Catequético de Anchieta. São Paulo: FFLCH-USP. [MA dissertation.]
Granville, Maria Antonia. 1979. Ação Catequética do Padre Anchieta Observada a Partir de Algumas de Suas Composições Teatrais. São Paulo: FFLCH-USP. [MA dissertation.]
Mello e Souza, Laura de. 1993. Inferno Atlântico: demonologia e colonização. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida. 2001. “The translations of the first texts to Tupi, the classical Indian language in Brazil”. Crop 61. 51–73. São Paulo, Humanitas.
Pompa, Cristina. 2003. Religião com Tradução: Missionários, Tupi e Tapuia no Brasil Colonial. Bauru: EDUSC.
Rafael, Vicente L. 1988. Contracting colonialism, translation and Christian conversion in Tagalog society under early Spanish rule. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Royson, Annie Rachel
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
