Latin-based terms
True or false friends?
Published online: 21 February 2005
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.16.1.07zet
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.16.1.07zet
The concept of complete equivalence is highly questionable, yet it is still relied on, for all practical purposes, in connection with the translation of Latin-based medical terms. This practice is potentially harmful, a case in point being the translation of medical texts for laymen from English into Danish. Contrary to Danish (and German and other Scandinavian languages), everyday English (and French) avails itself of numerous Latin-based medical terms, as no non-specialized alternative exists. When these terms are directly transferred under the assumption of complete equivalence, the level of formality is drastically raised. Increased awareness of the potential danger to communication posed by Latin-based terms in texts meant for lay audiences in Scandinavia and Germany is therefore desirable.
Résumé
La notion d’équivalence intégrale est discutable, et cependant on continue d’y avoir recours pour les raions pratiques, en relation avec la traduction de termes médicaux à base latine. Le procédé est préjudiciable, si l’on se réfère à la traduction, de l’anglais en danois, de textes médicaux dus à des non-spécialistes. À la différence du danois, et plus généralement des langues germaniques ou d’autres langues scandinaves, et en l’absence de termes non-spécialisés, l’anglais (ou le français) quotidien se sert fréquemment de termes médicaux à base latine. En conséquence, le degré de formalisation est considérablement rehaussé dans les textes danois qui intègrent ces termes de manière directe, sous le couvert du principe de l’équivalence intégrale. Aussi convient-il de souligner le danger constitué par l’usage de termes à base latine en rapport avec des audiences de non-spécialistes en Scandinavie ou en Allemagne.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Complete equivalence between technical terms—an exception to the rule?
- 3.Koller’s equivalence model
- 4.Case-study background
- 5.The case of Latin-based terms
- 5.1The role of Latin in everyday language versus expert register
- 5.2Standardisation
- 6.Conclusion: True or false friends?
- Notes
References
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