Propositions on cross-cultural communication and translation
Published online: 21 February 2005
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.16.1.02pym
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.16.1.02pym
Cross-cultural communication can be characterized by a relatively high degree of effort required to reduce complexity, by relatively high transaction costs, by relatively low trust between communication partners, and by relatively narrow success conditions that create points of high-risk discourse. To communicate successfully between cultures would thus require a special kind of risk management. Translation, as a mode of cross-cultural communication, is held to share those same features, as well as at least two specific representational maxims concerning discursive persons and textual quantity. It is argued that the related concepts of complexity, success conditions and risk can describe not only the act of translating as a mode of cross-cultural communication, but also certain features of the professional intercultures to which translators belong. Step-by-step propositions thus synthesize an approach that runs from an analysis of cross-cultural communication to a description of professional intercultures, their sources of power, and the reasons for their apparent lack of power in a globalizing age.
Résumé
La communication transculturelle se caractérise par un haut degré d’effort requis pour la réduction de la complexité, par des coÛts de transaction relativement élevés, par un relatif manque de confiance, ainsi que par des conditions relativement étroites de succès communicatif. Tous ces facteurs créent des points où le discours serait à haut risque, de sorte que la réussite communicative requiert une gestion spéciale des risques. La traduction, comme mode de communication transculturelle, partage ces mêmes traits, auxquels viennent s’ajouter deux maximes représentatives qui lui sont propres. Par extension, les concepts de complexité, de conditions de succès, et de gestion des risques seraient susceptibles de décrire non seulement l’acte de traduire, mais aussi certains traits des intercultures professionnelles dont font partie les traducteurs. Une même suite de propositions mène donc de l’analyse de la communication transculturelle à une approche des intercultures, de leurs sources de pouvoir, et finalement des raisons de leur apparent manque de pouvoir dans une époque de globalisation.
Article outline
- 1.On cross-cultural communication in general
- 2.On complexity and its reduction
- 3.On success conditions
- 4.On transaction costs
- 5.On the specificity of cross-cultural communication
- 6.On the size of communication acts
- 7.Translation versus language learning
- 8.On the nature of translation
- 9.On trust
- 10.On risk
- 11.On the nature of translation problems
- 12.Why and how complexity is reduced
- 13.On the nature of communication participants
- 14.On the nature of professional intercultures
- 15.Professional intercultures and the boundaries between cultures
- 16.Membership and identity of professional intercultures
- 17.The power of professional intercultures
- 18.Globalization and cross-cultural communication
- 19.The powerlessness of intercultures
- 20.The future of cross-cultural communication
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (46)
Agar, Michael. 1994. Language shock: Understanding the culture of conversation. New York: William Morrow.
Chesterman, Andrew. 1994a. “From ‘is’ to ‘ought’: Laws, norms and strategies in Translation Studies”. Target 5:1. 1–20.
. 1994b. “Karl Popper in the translation class”. Cay Dollerup and Annette Lindegaard, eds. Teaching translation and interpreting 2: Insights, aims and visions. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1994. 89–95.
. 1997. Memes of translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
. 2001. “Proposal for a Hieronymic oath”. Anthony Pym, ed. The return to ethics. Special issue of The translator 7:2. 139–154.
Colas, Dominique. 1992. “Les politiques d’aide”. Françoise Barret-Ducrocq, ed. Traduire l’Europe. Paris: Payot, 1992. 97–123.
Even-Zohar, Itamar. 1981. “Translation theory today: A call for transfer theory”. Poetics today 2:4. 1–7.
. 1990. “Translation and transfer”. Poetics today 11:1, special issue on Polysystem Studies, 1990. 73–78.
. 2001. “Laws of cultural interference (draft in work)”. [URL]. Consulted April 2004.
Gile, Daniel. 1995. Basic concepts and models for translator and interpreter training. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Grice, H. Paul. 1975. “Logic and conversation”. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan, eds. Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press, 1975. 41–58.
Halverson, Sandra. 1999. “Conceptual work and the ‘translation’ concept”. Target 11:1. 1–31.
Holmes, James S. 1988. “Forms of verse translation and the translation of verse form”. Translated!: Papers on literary translation and Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1988. 23–33.
Holz-Mänttäri, Justa. 1984. Translatorisches Handeln: Theorie und Methode. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
Katz, Jerrold. 1978. “Effability and translation”. F. Guenther and M. Guenther-Reutter, eds. Meaning and translation: Philosophical and linguistic approaches. London: Duckworth, 1978. 191–234.
Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
Lambert, José. 1989. “La traduction, les langues et la communication de masse: Les ambiguïtés du discours international”. Target 1:2. 215–237.
Levý, Jiří. 1967. “Translation as a decision process”. Reprinted in Andrew Chesterman, ed. Readings in translation theory. Helsinki: Oy Finn Lectura Ab, 1989. 37–52.
Luhmann, Niklas. 1989. Vertrauen: Ein Mechanismus der Reduktion sozialer Komplexität, 3. durchgesehene Auflage. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
Monacelli, Claudia and Roberto Punzo. 2001. “Ethics in the fuzzy domain of interpreting: A ‘military’ perspective”. Anthony Pym, ed. The return to ethics. Special issue of The translator 7:2. 265–282.
Pym, Anthony. 1992a. Translation and text transfer: An essay on the principles of intercultural communication. Frankfurt/Main, Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Vienna: Peter Lang.
. 1992b. “The relations between translation and material text transfer”. Target 4:2. 171–189.
. 1992c. “Translation error analysis and the interface with language teaching”. Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard, eds. The teaching of translation: Training talent and experience. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992. 279–288.
. 1996. “Multilingual intertextuality in translation”. Beatriz Penas Ibáñez, ed. The intertextual dimension of discourse. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza, 1996. 207–218.
. 1997. Pour une éthique du traducteur. Arras: Artois Presses Université/Ottawa: Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa.
. 2000a. “On cooperation”. Maeve Olohan, ed. Intercultural faultlines: Research models in Translation Studies I: Textual and cognitive aspects. Manchester: St Jerome, 2000. 181–192.
. 2000b. Negotiating the frontier: Translators and intercultures in Hispanic history. Manchester: St Jerome.
. 2001a. “Alternatives to borders in translation theory”. Athanor (Bari) 12, nuova serie: Lo stesso altro, ed. Susan Petrilli, 2001. 172–182.
. 2001b. “Four remarks on translation and multimedia”. Yves Gambier and Henrik Gottlieb, eds. Multimedia translation: Concepts, practices, and research. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001. 275–282.
. 2003b. “Translation Studies should help solve social problems”. Georges Androulakis, ed. Translating in the 21st century: Trends and prospects. Proceedings. Thessaloniki: Aristotle University, 2003. 439–448.
. 2004. The moving text: Localization, translation, and distribution. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Sperber, Dan and Deirdre Wilson. 1988. Relevance: Communication and cognition. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Sprung, Robert C. ed. 2000. Translating into success: Cutting-edge strategies for going multilingual in a global age. American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series XI. Amsterdam/Philadelphia John Benjamins.
Stecconi, Ubaldo. 2002. “Not a melting pot: The challenges of multilingual communication in the European Commission”. Paper delivered to conference The translation industry today. Rimini, Italy, 11–13 October 2002.
Toury, Gideon. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cited by (36)
Cited by 36 other publications
Al-Badawi, Mohammed & Alalddin Al-Tarawneh
Cordingley, Anthony
Arumita, Pawa
KROM, İpek
Pym, Anthony, Judith Raigal-Aran & Carmen Bestué Salinas
2023. Non-standard court interpreting as risk management. In Introducing New Hypertexts on Interpreting (Studies) [Benjamins Translation Library, 160], ► pp. 108 ff.
Korhonen, Annamari
Zagood, Mohammed Juma, Alhanoof Humaid Almazrouei, Mariam Saeed Alnaqbi & Fatma Abdullah Almheiri
Achkasov, Andrei
Fraser, Ryan
Colón Rodríguez, Raúl E.
Scarpa, Federica
Scarpa, Federica
YILMAZ KUTLAY, Sevcan
Ghosh, Aditi
Stecconi, Ubaldo
Sulaiman, M Zain & Rita Wilson
Sulaiman, M. Zain & Rita Wilson
Łabendowicz, Olga
2018. The impact of AVT mode on audience reception. In Eye tracking and multidisciplinary studies on translation [Benjamins Translation Library, 143], ► pp. 259 ff.
Olohan, Maeve & Elena Davitti
Zafiri, Makrina & Evangelos Kourdis
Liddicoat, Anthony J.
Røvik, Kjell Arne
McAuley, Thomas E.
2015. Audience Attitude and Translation Reception. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61:2 ► pp. 219 ff.
Hermans, Theo
Conde, Tomás
Davies, Eirlys E.
Margala, Miriam
Poupaud, Sandra, Anthony Pym & Ester Torres Simón
Wang, Vincent X.
2009. Pragmatic shifts in two translations of FushengLiuji. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21:2 ► pp. 209 ff.
Abdallah, Kristiina & Kaisa Koskinen
Martín de León, Celia
Pym, Anthony
Pym, Anthony
2023. A naïve inquiry into translation between Aboriginal languages in
pre-Invasion Australia. In Translation Flows [Benjamins Translation Library, 163], ► pp. 3 ff.
Mossop, Brian
2005. Pym, Anthony. 2004. The moving text: Localization, translation, and distribution. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 17:2 ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
