Translating poetic songs
An attempt at a functional account of strategies
Published online: 20 November 2003
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.15.1.05low
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.15.1.05low
Poems have often been turned into songs, notably as German Lieder. Classical singers use translations of these in several different ways: as cribs for themselves, in printed programmes for their audiences, as singable versions, etc. Since no single target-text is ideal for all of these purposes, the Skopostheorie of Hans J. Vermeer may help translators to match their strategy with the particular skopos (“goal or purpose”) of their translation. The author identifies five specific functions which a song-translation may serve, and proposes a range of five translation strategies intended to match these particular skopoi. A demonstration is given of how these strategies produce different English versions of a few lines from a Baudelaire poem.
Keywords: art-song, Lieder, poem-translating, skopos, translation theory
Résumé
On a souvent transformé des poèmes en chansons, notamment dans le Lied allemand. Leschanteurs classiques se servent de traductions à diverses fins: comme un aide-déchiffragepour eux-mêmes, sous la forme d’un texte imprimé pour leurs auditeurs, en tant que version“chantable”, etc. Puisqu’une seule traduction ne peut assumer toutes ces fonctions, la“théorie du Skopos” de Hans J. Vermeer pourrait aider les traducteurs à adapter leur stratégieau skopos (but poursuivi) en question. L’auteur identifie cinq fonctions possibles d’unechanson traduite, et propose, corrélativement, une gamme de cinq stratégies, chacuneconvenant à un skopos spécifique. Ensuite, il applique ces stratégies à des transpositions enanglais de quelques vers de Baudelaire.
Article outline
- Introduction
- A diversity of functions
- a.A performer’s crib
- b.A recording insert
- c.A programme text
- d.A spoken text
- e.A sung text
- Some practitioners’ thoughts
- Cultural and contextual issues
-
Proposed strategies
- a.For a performer’s crib: Gloss translation
- b.For a recording insert: Semantic translation
- c.For a programme text: Communicative translation
- d.For a spoken text: Gist translation
- e.For a sung text: A singable translation
- A comparative example
- a.performer’s crib
- b.recording insert
- c.programme text
- d.spoken text
- e.sung text
- Notes
References
References (23)
Holmes, James S. 1988. Translated!: Papers on literary translation and translation Studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Nida, Eugene A. 1964. Toward a science of translating, with special reference to principles and procedures involved in Bible translating. Leiden: Brill.
Raffel, Burton. 1988. The art of translating poetry. Pennsylvania and London: Pennsylvania State University.
Reiss, Katharina and Hans J. Vermeer. 1984. Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translations-theorie. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
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