Biggles’s friend André
A study of Malraux in English translation
Published online: 27 May 2002
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.13.1.07faw
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.13.1.07faw
Stuart Gilbert’s 1935 translation of André Malraux’s La Voie royale deploys an entire arsenal oft ranslation techniques to rewrite and rework the text at the levels of le xis and syntax in ways which emphasise one dimension of the novel, and so give the impression that Gilbert was re-siting the work in a sub-system of English literature different from the location it occupied in the French literary system. The techniques he used and their effect on reception are analysed, as are his likely reasons for adopting such a specific translation posture, and, in particular, whether his approach is the result ofa particular personality type, whether it can be seen as an example of a polysystem-governed adaptation, or whether it is a regime-bound translation.
Résumé
La traduction due à Stuart Gilbert de La Voie royale (1935) d’André Malraux met en oeuvretout un arsenal de techniques de traduction qui récrivent et retravaillent le texte sur les planslexical et syntaxique, au point d’accentuer une dimension particulière du roman. Ainsi,Gilbert donnait à croire qu’il cherchait à positionner l’oeuvre dans un sous-système de lalittérature anglaise différent de celui qu’elle occupait dans le système littéraire français. Nousanalysons ci-dessous les techniques dont le traducteur s’est servi et l’effet qu’elles ont produitsur la réception du roman, ainsi que les raisons qui ont pu inciter Gilbert à adopter uneattitude aussi particulière: serait-elle le produit d’un type caractériologique spécifique, unexemple d’adaptation de type polysystémique ou gouvernée par un régime traductif?
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The main textual codes
- 2.1The sexual code
- 2.2The advanture code
- 2.3The descriptive-lyrical code
- 3.Transition
- 4.Comparisons
- 5.Conclusion
- Notes
References Appendix: Translations done by Stuart Gilbert
References (48)
Ayer, Alfred J. 1976. “The Early Novels”. Martine de Courcel, ed. Malraux: Life and Work. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. 51–67.
Even-Zohar, Itamar. 1990. Polysystem Studies. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. [Special issue of Poetics Today 11:1.]
Fawcett, Peter. 1997. “Macerated Malraux”. Karl Simms, ed. Translating Sensitive Texts: Linguistic Aspects. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1997. 247–265.
Fillmore, Charles J. 1977. “Scenes-and-frames Semantics”. Antonio Zampolli, ed. Linguistic Structures Processing. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1977. 55–81.
Frohock, Wilbur M. 1952. André Malraux and the Tragic Imagination. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
Johns, Captain W.E. 1994. Biggles and the Secret Mission. London: Random House. [Originally published as Biggles Air Commodore. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937.]
Kline, Thomas J. 1973. André Malraux and the Metamorphosis of Death. New York and London: Columbia University Press.
Levý, Jirˇí. 1963. Die literarische Übersetzung: Theorie einer Kunstgattung, tr. Walter Schamschula. Frankfurt and Bonn: Athenäum Verlag.
Robyns, Clem. 1990. “The Normative Model of Belles Infidèles: Detective Novels in French Translation”. Target 2:1. 23–42.
Snell-Hornby, Mary. 1988. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Taylor, Bob. 1999. “Stuart Gilbert, 1883–1969. Papers, 1900–1985 (bulk 1928–1975)”. [URL]. 15pp.
Toury, Gideon. 1980. In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, Tel Aviv University.
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van Leuven-Zwart, Kitty M. 1990. “Translation and Original: Similarities and Dissimilarities, II”. Target 2:1. 69–96.
(This list is compiled from the holdings ofthe Library ofC ongress and does not claim to be complete.)
Cocteau, Jean. 1937. Round the World Again in Eighty Days (Mon premier Voyage). London: G. Routledge & Sons Ltd.
Malraux, André. 1941. Man’s Hope (L’Éspoir). Translated with Alastair Macdonald. New York: The Modern Library.
Martin du Gard, Roger. 1933-. The Thibaults (Les Thibault). Vol. 2, Pt 3 High Summer and Vol. 2, Pt. 4 Consulting-day. London: John Lane.
. 1940. Summer 1914 (L’Été 1914). London: John Lane. American edition: 1941. New York: The Viking Press.
Pellenc, Baron Jean. 1936. Diamonds and Dust: India Through French Eyes (L’Inde s’entrouvre). London: J. Murray.
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de. C1932. Night Flight (Vol de nuit). With a preface by André Gide. New York, London: The Century Company. Reprinted in Airman’s Odyssey. 1943. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock.
Simenon, Georges. 1942. Affairs of Destiny. Contains translations of L’Homme de Londres (Newhaven, Dieppe) and Le Haut mal (The Woman of the Gray House). London: G. Routledge & Sons Ltd. American edition: 1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
. 1942. Maigret and Monsieur Labb. Contains translations of Le Port des brumes (Death of a Harbor-Master) and Le Relais d’Alsace (The Man From Everywhere). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
. 1943. Escape in Vain. Contains translations of Le Locataire (The Lodger) and Les Suicidés (One Way Out). London: G.Routledge & Sons Ltd.
. 1943. Havoc By Accident. Contains translations of Le Blanc à lunettes (Talatala) and Les Demoiselles de Concarneau (The Breton Sisters). London: G. Routledge & Sons. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
. 1944. On the Danger Line. Contains translations of Faubourg (Home Town) and Le Suspect (The Green Thermos). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
. 1945. The Shadow Falls (Le Testament Donadieu). London: Routledge. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
