Translational migration of martial arts fiction East and West
Published online: 27 May 2002
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.13.1.06mok
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.13.1.06mok
This paper explores the translational phenomenon of why so little of martial arts fiction has been translated into Western languages, compared to the copious amount into other Asian languages. Investigation into the translational migration of martial arts fiction demonstrates that the “normal” position assumed by translated literature tends to be a peripheral one. However, different patterns of behaviour can be observed, depending on the hegemonic relations between source and target cultures. In the West, martial arts fiction in English translation is being relegated to an extremely peripheral position. But martial arts fiction is able to make inroads into Asian countries, to the extent of stimulating a new literary form or (re)writing martial arts fiction in some indigenous languages.
Résumé
L’article s’interroge sur le faible taux des traductions en langues occidentales de textesfictionnels ayant pour sujet les arts martiaux, en comparaison avec le chiffre élevé destraductions relevant du même genre qui sont produites en des langues asiatiques. Desrecherches portant sur le phénomène de la migration traductive de ces textes montrent quela position “normale” de ces traductions tend à être périphérique. On peut également citerd’autres types de comportement, qui dépendent des relations de domination entre lescultures source et cibles. En Occident, les traductions anglaises de ce genre de textes sontreléguées en position d’extrême périphérie, à l’opposé des pays asiatiques, où des versions enlangues indigènes sont à l’origine de nouvelles formes littéraires, ou conduisent à des(ré)écritures inspirées du genre importé.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Translational migration to other countries in Asia
- 2.1Mongolia
- 2.2Vietnam
- 2.3Thailand
- 2.4Cambodia
- 2.5Indonesia
- 2.6Malaysia
- 2.7Korea
- 2.8A case of interference in other Asian countries
- 3.Translational migration to the West
- 4.Conclusion
- Notes
- Glossary of Chinese Names and Titles
References
References (53)
Bassnett, Susan. 1993. Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction. Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
. 1997. “Moving Across Cultures: Translation as Intercultural Transfer”. J.M. Santamaría, Eterio Pajares, Vickie Olsen, Raquel Merino and Federico Eguíluz, eds. Trasvases culturales: Literatura, cine, traducción 2. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Universidad del Pais Vasco, 1997. 7–20.
Bishop, John Lyman. 1965. The Colloquial Short Story in Chinese: (A Study of the San-Yen Collection). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chang, Tsong-zung. 1985. “Martial-Arts Fiction Keeps the Past Alive”. Far Eastern Economic Review 8 (August). 401.
Even-Zohar, Itamar. 1978. Papers in Historical Poetics. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, Tel Aviv University. [Papers on Poetics and Semiotics 8.]
. 1990. Polysystem Studies. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. [=Poetics Today 11:1.]
. 1990a. “The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem”. Even-Zohar 1990:45–51.
Gálik, Marián. 1990. “Interliterary and Intraliterary Aspects of the Study of Post-1918 Chinese Literature”. Howard Goldblatt, ed. Worlds Apart: Recent Chinese Writing and Its Audiences. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1990. 231–245.
Gu, Long. 1990. Les quatre Brigands du Huabei: roman d’aventures, tr. Christine Corniot. Arles and Paris: Philippe Picquier.
Hamonic, Gilbert and Claudine Salmon. 1987. “Translations of Chinese Fiction into Makassarese”. Salmon 1987a:569–592.
Indonesian Popular Serial Fiction: Martial Arts, Romance. 191–. Indonesia: s.n.
Jin, Yong. 1972. Flying Fox of the Snowy Mountain tr. Robin Wu. Serialized in Bridge, Part I, 1.4 (March/April). 42–49; Part II, 1.5 (May/June). 36–44; Part III, 1.6 (July/August). 17, 29, 40, 42, 45–50; and Part IV, 2.1 (September/October). 40–45.
. 1997. The Deer and the Cauldron: A Martial Arts Novel BookOne tr. John Minford. New York: Oxford University Press.
. 1999. The Deer and the Cauldron: A Martial Arts Novel BookTwo tr. John Minford. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jones, Andrew F. 1994. “Chinese Literature in the ‘World’ Literary Economy”. Modern Chinese Literature 8. 171–190.
Kao, Karl S.Y. 1985. Chinese Tales of the Supernatural and the Fantastic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Kuhiwczak, Piotr. 1990. “Translation as Appropriation: The Case of Milan Kundera’s The Joke”. Susan Bassnett and André Lefevere, eds. Translation, History and Culture. London and New York: Pinter, 1990. 118–130.
Lambert, José, Lieven D’hulst and Katrin Van Bragt. 1985. “Translated Literature in France, 1800–1850”. Theo Hermans, ed. The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation. London-Sydney: Croom Helm, 1985. 149–163.
Lefevere, André. 1978. “Translation Studies: The Goal of the Discipline”. James S. Holmes, José Lambert and Raymond Van den Broeck, eds. Literature and Translation: New Perspectives in Literary Studies. Leuven: acco, 1978. 234–235.
Li, Zhizhu. 1993. “Zhongguo wu xia xiao shuo zai Hanguo de fan yi jie shao yu ying xiang” [Translation and influence of martial arts fiction in Korea]. Department of Chinese, Tamkang University, ed. Xia yu Zhongguo wen hua [Knight-errantry and Chinese culture]. Taipei: Taiwan xuesheng shudian, 1993. 77–90.
Liao, Jianyu. 1987. “Yinni wu xia xiao shuo kai lun” [An introduction to martial arts fiction in Indonesia]. Li Litu and Chen Rongzhao, eds. Nanyang yu Zhongguo—Nanyang xue hui si shi wu zhou nian ji nian lun wen ji [Southeast Asia and China: A collection to commemorate the 45th anniversary of the Southeast Asiatic Society]. Singapore: Nanyang Xuehui, 1987. 141–185.
Ma, Yau-woon. 1971. The Pao-kung Tradition in Chinese Popular Literature. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International.
Ma, Yau-woon and Joseph S.M. Lau, eds. 1978. Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. New York: Columbia University Press.
McNaughton, William. 1974. Chinese Literature: An Anthology from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Vermont and Tokyo: Tuttle.
Nepote, Jacques and Hoc Dy Khing. 1987. “Chinese Literary Influence on Cambodia in the 19th and 20th Centuries”, tr. Noel Castelino. Salmon 1987a:321–372.
Ni, Kuang. 1980. Wo kan Jin Yong xiao shuo [Reading Jin Yong’s martial arts novels]. Taipei: Yuanjing chuban shiye gongsi.
Radó, György. 1987. “A Typology of LLD Translation Problems”. Babel 33:1. 6–13.
Riftin, Boris. 1987. “Mongolian Translations of Old Chinese Novels and Stories—A Tentative Bibliographic Survey”, tr. Jeanne Kelly. Salmon 1987a:213–262.
Salmon, Claudineed. 1987a. Literary Migrations: Traditional Chinese Fiction in Asia (17–20th Centuries). Beijing: International Culture Publishing Corporation.
. 1987c. “Writings in Romanized Malay by the Chinese of Malaya: A Preliminary Inquiry”. Salmon 1987a:441–496.
Suryadinata, Leo. 1987. “Postwar Kongfu Novels in Indonesia: A Preliminary Survey”. Salmon 1987a:623–659.
Tan, Siew Eng and compiler. 1982. Chinese Kungfu Stories in Indonesia: A Bibliography Selected from the IDC Collection. Sydney: Bibliographic Information on Southeast Asia, 1982microfiche negative. [BISA Special Project 96.]
Toury, Gideon. 1980. In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics.
. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Vanderauwera, Ria. 1985. Dutch Novels Translated into English: The Transformation of a “Minority” Literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Venuti, Lawrence. 1992. “Introduction”. Lawrence Venuti, ed. Rethinking Translation. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. 1–17.
Cited by (10)
Cited by ten other publications
Wu, Kan & Defeng Li
Chou, Isabelle, Zhangyujie Xiang & Kanglong Liu
Diao, Hong
Song, Ge
Sun, Yingbin & Linxin Liang
Chang, Jie & Gang Zhao
Chen, Lin & Ruoyu Dai
Wu, Kan & Dechao Li
Vesterinen, Rainer
2017. Mood choice in complements of Spanishcomprenderand Portuguesecompreender(‘understand’) – distribution and meaning. Languages in Contrast 17:2 ► pp. 279 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
