On Aboriginal Sufferance
A Process Model of Poetic Translation
Published online: 1 January 1989
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.1.2.04jon
https://doi.org/10.1075/target.1.2.04jon
This paper presents an empirical model of the processes involved in translating poetry. I suggest three main stages: Understanding, Interpretation and Creation. The Understanding stage involves close ST analysis. At the Interpretation stage the translator works item by item, though with continual reference to ST and TT. An item may participate in one or more textual structures; hence it may be said to carry a number of marked valent features marking its role in the various structures. Valent features may be weighted differently depending on the importance of their structure to the image or the text. I suggest five main strategies of equivalence: Transference—TT item = ST item; Convergence/Divergence—TT item covers larger/smaller semantic space than ST item, but valency remains constant; Improvisation—TT feature is different from ST feature but has similar poetic role; Abandonment of a low-weight for a high-weight feature; Estrangement—equivalent retains an "untranslated" ST feature. The Creation stage is that of fashioning the target text as an artefact valid in target-culture terms. This informs and is informed by choices made during the Interpretation phase.
Résumé
Cet article présente un modèle empirique en trois étapes du processus de la traduction poétique: la compréhension, l'interprétation et la création. La première étape est le fruit d'une analyse détaillée du texte-source. Elle est suivie de l'interprétation, au cours de laquelle le traducteur progresse élément par élément, en se référant continuellement au texte-source et au texte-cible. Tout élément participe d'une ou de plusieurs structures textuelles; il véhicule ainsi un nombre donné de traits de valence qui marquent son rôle dans les différentes structures. Ces traits de valence sont jugés selon l'importance de leur structure en regard de l'image ou du texte. Je propose cinq stratégies majeures d'équivalence: la transférence—élément du texte-cible = élément du texte-source; la convergence/divergence—un élément du texte-cible occupe un espace sémantique plus large/plus étroit que l'élément correspondant du texte-source; mais le degré de valence demeure constant; l'improvisation—un élément du texte-cible diffère de l'élément du texte-source, mais possède la même fonction poétique; l'abandon d'un élément déterminant en faveur d'un élément subsidiaire; l'étrangeté—l'équivalent conserve un élément non-traduit. L'étape de la création consiste à agencer le texte-cible comme un artefact de la culture-cible. Elle entraîne des choix, et en est determinée en retour, durant l'etape de l'Interpretation.
Article outline
- Translations and Translating: Product versus Process
- Understanding and Recreativity
- A Model of Poetic Translation
- Strategies of Equivalence
- Target Text: Recreativity
- Conclusion
References
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Cited by ten other publications
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Stratford, Madeleine
Stratford, Madeleine
Mao, Chengying
Tamaki, Yuko
2005. Foreignization in another context. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 3:2 ► pp. 193 ff.
Jones, Francis R.
1989. Duff, Alan. 1989. Translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 1:2 ► pp. 257 ff.
[no author supplied]
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