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In:Beyond Binaries in Address Research: Politeness and identity practices in interaction
Edited by Víctor Fernández-Mallat and María Irene Moyna
[Topics in Address Research 6] 2025
► pp. 263–266

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Index

Published online: 17 July 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.6.index

A

  • address: mixing,122, 125–126, 134
    • shifts,199, 214
    • switching,208, 213–214; See also form mixing; polymorphism; pronominal alternation
  • Agha, Asif,6–7
  • ambivalence of address usage,174, 179–180, 182
  • appellatives,10–11; See also vocatives
  • appropriateness,120, 123, 142, 223–224, 226–228, 233
  • Arabic: Algerian,24
    • Jordanian,22–25,
    • Kuwaiti,24–25
    • Qatari,23
    • Saudi,24
    • Syrian,11, 22–24
    • Tunisian,23–24
  • asymmetric address,112–113; See also non-reciprocal use
  • ATLAS.ti (software),183
  • avoidance: of first names,40
    • of pronominal address,6, 14, 17, 110, 120–121, 124, 128–129, 137, 140, 147, 149, 158–160, 221, 224–225, 234–235, 237

B

  • binarity,2
  • binary oppositions,2
  • binary politeness distinction,11, 16
  • Blommaert, Jan,123
  • Bosnian,13, 15, 198, 200–202, 206–208, 213–214
  • Braun, Friederike,4–5, 23–24, 27–28
  • Brown, Penelope,3, 28, 45–46, 48, 223, 225–227
  • Brown, Roger,2–3, 21–22, 45, 47–48, 120, 122, 147–148, 174, 183, 192, 197, 220

C

  • Carricaburo, Norma,48–49, 57, 64–65
  • Chinese,22
  • clinical interactionsSee medical encounters
  • cluster analysisSee clustering
  • clustering,12, 55–56, 60, 64
  • CMD (computer-mediated discourse),229–230
  • collectivist culture (Syrian),26, 28
  • content analysis,97, 102–103
  • conversation analysis,8, 198–199, 202
  • Cook, Manuela,6, 22, 27–28, 41–42, 225, 234
  • COVID forms of address,120–121, 126, 138–140
  • csendőrpertu (Hungarian),107
  • Culpeper, Jonathan,105, 227

D

  • defocusing constructions,16, 243, 256–257, 259–260
  • dein (German),121
  • deontic: constructions,243, 255–256, 259
    • infinitive,120–121, 125, 128–129, 132, 135, 138, 140
  • Deppermann, Arnulf,204
  • desubjectivization,249, 256
  • dich (German),121
  • dir (German),121
  • discernment,5–6, 221, 226–228, 233, 236–237
  • displaced viewpoints,16
  • doctor-patient interactions,203–204, 206, 216
  • du (German): familiar address,13, 15, 45, 47, 121, 125, 200
    • lowercase,134
    • uppercase,131–132
  • du (Swedish),14, 148–149, 150, 153, 155
  • du reform (Swedish),146, 149–151
  • dua (Swedish),160
  • Dutch: Belgian,173, 175
    • Caribbean,14, 173–175, 191–193
    • general,13, 17, 174–177, 201–202
    • Netherlandic,14, 173–175, 180–183
    • postcolonial varieties,171–172, 191–192
    • Surinamese,14, 173, 175, 177, 191–193
  • dynamic (interlocutor) relationship,174, 184–187

E

  • Eckert, Penelope,49–50
  • ELLA (ethnographic linguistic landscape analysis),13, 123
  • endearment terms,24, 37, 41, 54, 190
  • English,22, 54, 175–177, 190
  • er (German),200
  • er (Swedish),148
  • ethnographic discourse analysis,203–204, 214
  • Euer Gnaden (German),200
  • everyday talk,51

F

  • face,3, 48
  • face-threatening acts,48, 64, 198
  • facework,120, 123
  • family structure (Syrian),28
  • Farsi,24
  • fictive kinship terms,34, 40
  • first names,54, 178, 185, 189–190
  • folk linguistics,96, 98
  • form mixing,69–70, 74; See also address mixing; address shifts; address switching; polymorphism; pronominal alternation
  • French: Cameroon,190
    • general,6, 149
  • Frisian,173

G

  • ge/gij (Belgian Dutch),173
  • geosemiotics,13, 123
  • German,13, 15, 121–122, 200–201, 213–214
  • Gilman, Albert,2–3, 21–22, 45, 47–48, 120, 122, 147–148, 174, 183, 192, 197, 220
  • grammatical impersonality,255–256

H

  • Haugh, Michael,98, 105, 223, 228
  • Hindi,22
  • honorification,6
  • honorifics,10
  • Hungarian,100–102

I

  • Ide, Sachiko,5–6, 221, 226–227, 233
  • identity: stance,203–205, 214–216
    • status,203–204, 214–216
  • Ihr (German),200
  • impersonal constructions: in Spanish,16, 253
    • in Swedish,149
  • indexical: field,11, 47, 49
    • order,7, 65
  • indexicality,7, 47, 49, 63, 65
  • institutional talk,51, 53, 203
  • interactional sociolinguistics,152
  • intercoder reliability (test),185
  • inversion of address usage,24, 30–31, 34, 40

J

  • je (Dutch),173
  • jij (Dutch): familiar address:14, 172–173
    • frequency of,179
  • jullie (Dutch),172

K

  • Kádár, Daniel Z.,98, 223, 228
  • kend (Hungarian),106, 107, 115
  • kendezik (Hungarian),107
  • kinship terms,11, 22–24, 40, 54, 221–222
  • Korean,24

L

  • language attitudes,12, 14, 17, 70, 75–77, 79, 82, 89, 91–92
  • language ideologies,120–122, 140
  • last names,54, 178, 189–190
  • Levinson, Stephen C.,3, 28, 45–46, 48, 223, 225–227
  • linguabridity,171, 192
  • Locher, Miriam,8, 120, 123, 132, 141–142

M

  • maga (Hungarian): differences with ön,110–111
    • formal address,12, 100–101, 104, 106–107
    • social meanings,109–110
  • magázás (Hungarian),98, 104, 106–107, 109, 115
  • maguk (Hungarian),100–101
  • man (Swedish),149
  • matched-guise technique,12, 70, 76, 79–80, 89, 91–92
  • MAXQDA (software),103
  • medical encounters,198–199, 204
  • membership categorization,123, 131, 134, 137, 140, 198
  • metacognitive awareness,98
  • metacommunicationSee metalanguage of address
  • metacommunicative: awareness,98
    • lexicon,105, 107, 115
  • metadiscourse of politeness,97–98
  • metalanguage of address,221, 228, 237
  • metalinguistic: awareness,89, 98, 174, 184
    • labels,174, 184–185
  • metapragmatic: comments,97–99
    • discourse,228
    • knowledge,98, 102, 115
    • labels,99, 105–106
  • multilingual speakers and communities,175, 191–192

N

  • N-V-T model,6, 27
  • negative faceSee face
  • neutrality,6, 27, 225, 230, 233–235, 237
  • ni (Swedish): new,150
    • plural,152–155
    • singular,13–14, 148–150, 152–153
  • nia (Swedish),160
  • nominal address forms,54–55, 221–225, 227, 237
  • non-binary address usage,10–11, 14, 46, 48, 92, 107, 111–114, 147, 149, 166–167, 216, 220–221, 225, 237, 242–243, 249
  • non-phoric plurals,16, 249, 251–252, 259
  • non-reciprocal use,149, 234; See also asymmetric address
  • nosotros (Spanish),16

O

  • ön (Hungarian): differences with maga,110–111
    • formal address,12, 100–101, 104, 106
    • social meanings,109–112, 115
  • önök (Hungarian),100–101
  • önözés (Hungarian),104, 106–107, 115

P

  • pairwise comparisons,82
  • Papiamentu,173, 175–177, 191
  • passive constructions,149, 253, 259–260
  • pertu (Hungarian),107
  • pluricentricity,147–148, 174–175, 191
  • politeness,2, 28, 45, 48, 98, 120, 123, 142, 223, 225–228
  • politic behavior,8
  • polylogal interactions,245
  • polymorphism,12, 69–71, 73–75, 91, 122; See also form mixing; address mixing; address shifts; address switching; pronominal alternation
  • Portuguese: Brazilian,225
    • European,6, 13, 15, 220–221, 223–226, 229, 236–237
  • positive faceSee face
  • power,2–3
  • pro-drop,100, 110, 201, 220, 224–226, 230–231, 235
  • pronominal alternation,201–203, 205–206, 210, 214, 216; See also address mixing; address shifts; address switching; form mixing; polymorphism

Q

  • quadripartite system,73, 77–78, 242; See also non-binary address usage

R

  • Raymond, Chase W.,8–9, 41, 199, 202–205, 214
  • reciprocal use: of address,122
    • of T,107, 113
    • of V,112, 213
  • Reddit,229
  • reflexive constructions,253–255
  • relational work,8, 120, 123, 132, 141–142, 226
  • reported use,160–165

S

  • Sacks, Harvey,198–199
  • Sarnami (language),175, 190
  • Scollon, Ron,123
  • Scollon, Suzie W.,123
  • second persons (displaced),243–244, 247–249
  • Serrano, María José,256
  • service encounters,14, 150–151
  • Sie (German 2SG pronoun),13, 15, 45, 47, 121, 125, 200–201
  • sie (German 3SG feminine pronoun),200
  • Silverstein, Michael,7, 49, 65
  • Spanish: Bogotá,49, 71–73
    • Cali,71–72, 74–75, 90–91
    • Chilean,11, 13, 49–50, 63–64, 73
    • Colombian,12–13, 122
    • general,175, 191, 202, 242–243
    • Guatemalan,73
    • Medellín,71–75, 90–92, 122
    • Montevideo,77
    • Peninsular,244, 251
  • speech acts,53–54
  • Sranan(tongo),175, 177
  • stance,228
  • sumercé (Colombian Spanish),49–50, 71–72, 242
  • Swahili,24
  • Swedish: Finland,146–148, 150–151
    • general,6, 13
    • Sweden,147–149, 165–166

T

  • T policy,162–163
  • T/V: binary,2–3, 5–6, 8–10, 13–16, 21–22, 28, 40–41, 45–46, 48, 92, 106–107, 122, 140, 147, 172–173, 193, 197, 214, 216, 220–221, 225, 227, 236–237, 242–243, 260
    • dichotomy,122, 140, 148, 216
    • distinction,2, 6, 9, 10, 13–16, 21–22, 45, 47–48, 71, 100, 120, 122, 147–148, 166, 173–174, 183, 197, 214, 220–221, 225, 227, 236–237
    • opposition,242
  • te (Hungarian),100–101
  • tegezés (Hungarian),98, 104, 106–107
  • tegeződés (Hungarian),106
  • teknonyms,11, 24–25, 40–41
  • tetszik (Hungarian): auxiliary construction,100, 106, 111
    • auxiliary verb,12, 101, 104, 109
    • social meaning of,111–112
  • tetszikelés (Hungarian),101, 104, 111–112
  • tetszikezés (Hungarian),107, 115
  • thematic analysis,183–184
  • therapeutic situation,99
  • third persons,16, 244, 250–251, 256, 258–259
  • ti (Bosnian),15, 201
  • ti (Hungarian),100–101
  • titles,54, 149, 172, 178, 189–190, 221–222, 224, 235–236
  • tripartite system,11; See also non-binary address usage
  • Truan, Naomi,221, 228, 256
  • TŪ (Latin),22, 48, 148, 197
  • tu (French),2, 45, 47, 119
  • tu (Portuguese): informal pronoun,220–221, 224
    • stances towards,229–232, 234–235, 237
  • tú (Spanish): confrontation and,254
    • distance and,49, 72
    • feminine speech and,46–47, 73
    • focusing and,259
    • frequency of,258
    • in Paisa Spanish,71–72, 75, 92
    • in tripartite systems,12, 46, 74, 78
    • informal address,9, 11, 16, 45, 48, 242–244, 247, 249–250, 258, 260
    • linguistic landscape and,122
    • mitigation and,73
    • mixing with voseo,77
    • polymorphism and,73
    • solidarity and,47, 49
  • Tukey test,82
  • tuteo (Spanish): attitudes towards,77
    • for intermediate proximity,49
    • for solidarity,48–49
    • in tripartite systems,70–74
    • informal address usage,46, 55, 60, 65, 70–74
    • mixing with voseo,74
    • sexual orientation and,48–49
  • two-term system,71; See also T/V binary

U

  • u (Dutch): formal pronoun14, 172–173
    • frequency of,179
  • usted (Spanish): defocusing,16, 259
    • displaced second person,243–244, 247–249
    • dual,73, 77
    • formal,9, 45, 47, 49, 242, 260
    • frequency of,258
    • in tripartite systems,71, 202
    • intimate,73, 77–78, 92
    • linguistic landscape and,122
    • masculinity and,46, 173
    • mixing with tú and vos,12
    • non-solidary,72, 75
    • polymorphism and,73–75
    • polysemous,11–12, 46–47, 64
    • solidarity and,72, 75
  • ustedeo (Spanish): address usage,55
    • distribution of,73
    • everyday talk and,56–60
    • in Bogotá,71
    • in tripartite systems,46, 71
    • institutional talk and,60–63, 65
    • mitigation and,64
    • negative face and,48
    • nominal address and,54
    • polymorphism and,70
    • polysemic,45–46, 51, 63
    • speech acts and,74
    • tenderness,49, 64–65
  • uw (Dutch),173

V

  • Verschueren, Jef,228, 241
  • Vi (Bosnian),15, 201
  • vi (Slavic),200
  • viewpoint,243, 259–260; See also displaced viewpoints
  • vocatives,54; See also appelatives
  • você (Portuguese): address pronoun:6, 15, 220–222, 224–237
    • impoliteness of,225, 227, 232–233
  • vocês (Portuguese),6, 221
  • volition,5, 220–221, 226–227, 236–237
  • vos (Latin American Spanish): in Paisa Spanish,71–75, 76, 92
    • in tripartite systems,12, 46, 78, 202, 242
    • informal pronoun,11–12, 260
    • linguistic landscape and,122
    • meanings of,48–50
  • VŌS (Latin),22, 48, 148, 197
  • vós (Portuguese),224
  • voseo: attitudes towards,77
    • familiar address usage,46, 55, 60, 65
    • in Medellín,72
    • in tripartite systems,70–74
    • mixing with tuteo,74
    • solidarity and,48–49, 73
    • verb conjugation71–72
  • vosotros (Peninsular Spanish),16, 244, 247–249, 254, 258–259
  • Vossa Mercê (Portuguese),6, 224
  • vous (French),3, 6, 45, 47, 120, 149
  • vuestra merced (Spanish),10, 243

W

  • wakimaeSee discernment
  • WALS (World Atlas of Linguistic Structures),16–17
  • Watts, Richard,8, 120, 123, 132, 141–142
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