In:The Mysterious Address Term anata 'you' in Japanese
Yoko Yonezawa
[Topics in Address Research 4] 2021
► pp. 205–208
Subject index
Published online: 26 October 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.4.si
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.4.si
A
- absolute specification 32–33, 35–36, 91, 93, 102, 110, 114, 116, 117, 128, 143, 145, 155, 170–172
- addressee-proximal 40, 42
- addressee-referent39
- admonition, use of anata 84–86
- advertisements as source of data 14–15, 18
- advertising, use of anata 14–15, 92–93
- advice–giving, use of anata 141–143
- age groups, use of anata 72, 74–75
- archaic use of anatasee women’s language, wife towards husband
- Asahi Shimbun newspaper 17, 153, 155, 157
B
- ba theory 64–65
- background knowledge in communicationsee ‘common ground’
- bound and unbound sets, person reference terms124
C
- ‘common ground’ in communication 33–35, 56, 117, 171
- conflict situations, use of anata 21, 29–30, 82–83
- ‘constructed dialogue’ 100–105, 107, 115
- ‘continuum of reference’ of 2SG
- European languages96
- Japanese constructed dialogue 101–104
- Corpus of Japanese Spoken Language, The 13–14, 18
- courtroom, use of anata 108, 110–111, 116
- ‘culture’, problems in defining55
D
- deixis 25–27
- deixis, social99
- demonstratives
38–39, 42
- anata, history 38–42
- konata, history 39–42
- omae, history38
- sonata, history 39–42
- depreciation of politeness42
- ‘derogatory’ forms47see also pronouns, second person, temee; kisama
- descriptive words, fixedsee teikijutsu
- diachronic relationship, demonstratives and personal pronouns 38–39, 41
- dictionaries 6–7
- Dictionary of Basic Japanesesee Kiso Nihongo Jiten
- direct vs. indirect speech 98–100, 103–104 ; see also reported speech; ‘constructed dialogue’
- discourse analysis 12–13
- distance between interlocutors 20–21, 24, 30, 31, 70, 76–80, 86
- distancing politeness strategy42
E
- Edo period6
- egalitarian address practice, the use of anata 145–146, 149, 151–153, 156, 158-159, 167
- ellipsis, subjects 2, 9–10
- English language
- loss of T form152
- pronouns, second person152
- ‘you’ 95–96, 152
- epistemic primacy 28–31, 110
- equal status of interlocutors 78–79, 86–88
- euphemistic expressions43
- European languages
- Englishsee English language
- French 42, 151–152, 160
- German42
- pro-dropsee pro-drop European languages
- T/V system 1, 48–49, 151, 160
F
- ‘face’ 62–63
- ‘face-threatening acts’62
- used jokingly136
- feminism influence of 155, 168
- fixed descriptive wordssee teikijutsu
- French language, T/V system 1, 48–49, 151, 16
- friendliness, sense, among interlocutors 86–88 ; see also jocular utterances, use of anata
G
- gembun itchi language movement 162–163
- gender and use of anata 10, 85–86, 88 ; see also
- generic seconds 94–95, 98, 104–105, 115, 172 ; see also women’s language impersonal
- Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 147–148
H
- Honorifics for the Futuresee Korekara no Keigo
- Hyoojungo ‘Standard Language’162see also Tokyo-standard variety
I
- impersonal 94–96, 98, 105, 114, 116, 172 ; see also generic seconds
- impoliteness 132–133 ; see also rudeness, ‘face-threatening acts’
- incongruence, pragmatic 4–5
- in-group/out-groupsee uchi/soto
- inferior addressee 29, 73–74, 77–78, 82, 84–86 ; see also vertical relationships
- ‘inflationary effects’ phenomenon43
- interactional particle
- ne 98–99
- yo104
- iwakan 80–81, 89, 172
J
- Japan, modernization 145–146, 148–152, 158, 160–161, 169–170, 173
- Japanese communication
- politeness 62–65, 73
- relationality60see also personhood
- relationship acknowledgement 34, 118, 143
- social norms 54, 64–66, 73, 81, 117, 155, 171
- vertical rules 50, 54, 60–61, 68
- Japanese Diet
110, 129, 133
- Minutes of 15–16 ; see also parliamentary debates as source of data
- Japanese family
23, 50
- status relationships 32, 50 ; see also Japanese communication
- Japanese language145
- education147
- historical stages 39–42
- modernization 161–163
- post-WWII policy 145–152
- Tokyo-standard variety 8–9, 11, 14, 68–69
- women 20–21, 162 ; see also women’s language
- Japanese newspaperssee Asahi Shimbun newspaper; Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper
- Japanese people, young 61, 65, 125, 135–136, 168
- Japanese pronouns
- consideration as true pronouns45see also pronominality scale
- first person pronounssee pronouns
- plenitude45
- second person pronounssee pronouns
- Japanese script, romanization 18, 148
- Jocular utterances, use of anata 135–136
K
- kankeitai society59
- kinship terms
4, 23, 50–53, 121, 124, 126, 142
- aneki 121–122
- musume50
- norms of use 49–51
- obachan124
- obasan53
- ojiichan; ojiisan50
- ojisan 52–53
- okaasan 3–4, 139
- oneechan 23, 73, 121
- oneesan121
- oniisan 126–128
- niisan 51–53
- otoosan 4, 26, 52–53, 126
- otooto 50–51
- Kiso Nihongo Jiten93
- kobetsutai society59
- Kokugo ‘National Language’ 162–163 ; see also Hyoojungo
- Kokugo Shingikai 5, 146–148
- Korekara no Keigo 5, 146, 148–150, 152–153
- koyuu meishi 26–27
L
- language expectations81
- language policy, Japansee National Language Policy, post-WWII policy
M
- Meiji period 39, 161–163
- metalinguistic
- discourse11
- reflections 32, 35, 67–68, 172
N
- names, personal48
- National Language
- Council of Japansee Kokugo Shingikai
- Policy 5, 8, 146–148, 150, 152
- native speakers’ perceptions of anata 5–8, 72, 75, 77–80, 83, 89, 117, 144 ; see also iwakan
- Natsume Soseki 163–165
- newspaper articles as source of data 17–18 ; see also Japanese newspapers
- ni, Mandarin 96–98, 102–103
- nikoo kankei60
- ningen concept59
- ninshoo meishi26
- normative structure, communication34
O
- ‘Observer’s Paradox’14
- occupational terms/titles
32, 45, 51–53, 109–110
- sensei 4, 23, 26, 51–53, 65, 119–120, 129
P
- parliamentary debates as source of data
15–16, 18
see also Japanese Diet
- limitations in use15
- person nounssee ninshoo meishi; teikijutsu
- personhood
56–57, 173
see also social relationships, interlocutors
- in Bali57
- ego-centric vs. sociocentric 57–58
- in Gahuku society, Papua New Guinea58
- Japanese concept 58–60
- Western European concept 57–58
- plural forms94
- poems and songs 139–140
- politeness
20–21, 27, 62– 65, 79, 99, 160, 171
see also impoliteness, ‘face’
- politeness value, diminishment43
- power and solidarity 48–49
- power imbalance 133–134
- power semantics 48–49
- pragmatic value 42, 71
- pragmatics
8, 11–12, 31–33, 36, 66, 73, 95, 101, 117, 171, 173
- semantics and pragmatics intersection 8, 31, 173
- print media, role in language modernization 163, 165 ; see also Asahi Shimbun newspaper; Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper; Natsume Soseki
- pro-drop European languages3
- pronominality scale45
- pronouns, first person
20, 38, 45–46
- atashi 20, 46
- boku 20, 37–38, 46, 52, 150
- ore 20, 46, 52, 167
- watakushi 20, 46, 52
- watashi 20, 26, 46, 150, 167
- pronouns, second person
4, 20, 38, 45–47
- anta 20, 46–47, 49, 88
- ‘continuum of reference’see ‘continuum of reference’ of 2SG.
- kimi 20, 23–24, 37–38, 44, 46–47, 49–50, 52, 93, 99–102, 150, 166
- kisama47
- omae 4–5, 20–24, 32, 38, 46–47, 49, 52–53, 78, 81, 85, 88, 150, 164–165
- temee47
- proper namessee koyuu meishi
Q
- Quakers, address practices152
- questionnaires, as source of data
11–12, 67–71
- format 70–71
- questionnaires, Japanese29
- quoted speechsee reported speech, direct and indirect
R
- ‘rank consciousness’60see also vertical rules
- ‘referential intent’101see also specificity of referents
- reflexive processes 146, 153, 158–160, 170
- ‘relationality’60
- reported speech, direct and indirect 98–100 ; see also ‘constructed dialogue’
- Rinrigaku: Ethics in Japan 58–59 ; see also Watsuji Tetsuro
- ritualistic expressions 63–64
- rudeness 76–77, 89, 132 ; see also impoliteness
- ‘rules’ for use of personal reference terms 22–23
- ryoosai-kembo educationsee women’s education
S
- Sanseidoo Kokugo Jiten dictionary7
- semantics and pragmatics intersection 8, 31, 173
- shared experience, role in communicationsee ‘common ground’
- sincere messages, use of anata 137–138
- social formulassee ritualistic expressions
- social norms
34, 64–66, 81, 117, 143–144, 155, 171
- women 157, 162, 169
- social relationships interlocutors
1–2, 4, 32, 34, 60, 105, 117, 126, 171
- acknowledgement of 53–54, 56, 118 ; see also personhood
- in-laws 126–127
- non-acknowledgement 2, 118, 120–125, 128, 130–135, 137, 142–143, 172–173
- ‘rules’ for pronoun use 51–53
- student-teacher 25–26, 65, 83, 119
- young people’s thoughts 61, 65, 125
- solidarity semantics 48–49
- spatial semantics42
- speaker-distal position 39–40
- speaker-proximal position 39–40
- speaker-referent position39
- specificity of referents 94–95, 101 see ‘continuum of reference’ of 2SG, ‘referential intent’
- speech acts142
- status relationshipssee social relationships, interlocutors
- Standard Languagesee Hyoojungo; Tokyo-standard variety
- subjects, unexpressedsee ellipsis, subjects
- suffixes (name/title)48
- -chan48
- -gata, PL94
- -kun 48, 129
- -sama48
- -san 48, 113, 120
- -tachi, PL94
- superior addressee 44, 72–73, 76, 82, 134 ; see also vertical relationships
- symmetrical use of anata 158, 167–169
T
- tabooed expressions43
- teikijutsu 26–27
- ‘telecinematic discourse’ 16–17
- titlessee also suffixes (name/title)
- daijin129
- gichoo129
- iinchoo129
- kachoo 26, 51–52
- shachoo 4, 110–111
- soori129
- soori daijin129
- Tokyo, language use 68–69
- Tokyo-standard variety, Japanese language 8–9, 11, 14, 68–69
- TV drama series as source of data 16–18, 108
- T/V system, European languages 1, 48–49, 151, 160
U
- uchi/soto54
- unsuitability of languagesee iwakan
V
- vertical relationships 50, 54, 60–61, 68, 71, 73, 77, 149
- vocative and referential, distinguishing 9–10
- ‘vulgar’ forms47see also pronouns, second person, omae
W
- wakimae concept 64–66, 73
- Watsuji Tetsuro 58–59
- women’s education
- modernization 161–163, 165
- ryoosai-kembo education 162, 165, 167
- women’s language 20–22, 136, 155–157, 160–165, 168–169
- workplace, use of anata158
Y
- Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper 17–18, 93–94, 153–154, 158
- you, different senses in English 95–96, 152
- you, Mandarinsee ni, Mandarin
