In:Nominal and Pronominal Address in Jamaica and Trinidad: Variation and patterns
Matthias Klumm
[Topics in Address Research 3] 2021
► pp. v–vii
Get fulltext
This article is available free of charge.
Published online: 13 September 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.3.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/tar.3.toc
Table of contents
List of tablesIX
List of figuresXI
AcknowledgmentsXV
Chapter 1.Introduction1
1.1Terms of address: Definition, characteristics, and functions1
1.2The linguistic situation in the anglophone Caribbean4
1.3The sociohistorical background of Jamaica and Trinidad6
1.4Objectives of the present study9
1.5Structure of the book10
Chapter 2.Theoretical considerations on the study of address13
2.1Previous research on nominal and pronominal address13
2.1.1Brown & Gilman (1960) and Brown & Ford (1961)14
2.1.2Mühleisen (2005, 2010, 2011)16
2.2Address in social interaction19
2.2.1Address and politeness20
2.2.2Address and social distance21
2.2.3Address and identity22
2.3Nominal address in English24
2.4Pronominal address in English33
Chapter 3.Study I: Nominal and pronominal address in postcolonial Jamaican and Trinidadian literature37
3.1Data and methodology37
3.2Overview of the types of dyad in the literary works41
3.3Nominal address in postcolonial Jamaican and Trinidadian literature44
3.3.1Overview of nominal address forms in the literary works44
3.3.2Nominal address according to the characters’ sex47
3.3.3Nominal address according to the characters’ age54
3.3.4Nominal address according to the characters’ relationship59
3.3.5Variability and multifunctionality of nominal address in the literary works70
3.4Pronominal address in postcolonial Jamaican and Trinidadian literature74
Chapter 4.Study II: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of fieldwork data gathered in Jamaica and Trinidad81
4.1Data and methodology82
4.1.1Sample stratification82
4.1.1.1Sex83
4.1.1.2Age84
4.1.1.3Social class85
4.1.1.4Ethnicity87
4.1.1.5Region88
4.1.2Data elicitation and analysis90
4.1.2.1Written questionnaires91
4.1.2.2Semi-structured interviews95
4.2Nominal address in contemporary Jamaica and Trinidad97
4.2.1Expressing respect and social distance through nominal address97
4.2.1.1Bare titles97
4.2.1.2Hierarchic titles109
4.2.1.3Kinship terms for non-kin120
4.2.1.4Titles plus last name128
4.2.1.5The importance of the addressee’s seniority133
4.2.2Keeping the balance between vertical and horizontal social distance through nominal address139
4.2.2.1Titles plus abbreviated last name139
4.2.2.2Titles plus first name140
4.2.3Expressing familiarity and solidarity through nominal address144
4.2.3.1Bare last names144
4.2.3.2Bare first names148
4.2.3.3Generic first names154
4.2.3.4Kinship terms for non-kin158
4.2.3.5Nicknames, terms of abuse, and terms of endearment166
4.2.4Expressing respect for family members through nominal address171
4.3Pronominal address in contemporary Jamaica and Trinidad178
Chapter 5.Synopsis: Nominal and pronominal address in contemporary Jamaica and Trinidad187
5.1Variation according to situational context189
5.2Variation according to (horizontal) social distance192
5.3Variation according to sex194
5.4Variation according to age195
5.5Variation according to social class198
5.6Variation according to ethnicity200
5.7Variation according to region202
Chapter 6.Conclusion203
References209
Appendix A.Overview of data from Study I233
Appendix B.Written questionnaire from Study II237
Index243
