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In:Reading Comprehension in Educational Settings
Edited by José A. León and Inmaculada Escudero
[Studies in Written Language and Literacy 16] 2017
► pp. 193–198

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Index

Published online: 19 October 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/swll.16.index
4
  • 4-Pronged Framework 127–129, 140
  • ability 7, 9–10, 17–18, 20, 45, 47, 49, 56, 58, 66, 70, 80–81, 90, 103–104, 117, 121–123, 126, 134, 141–142, 144, 147, 160
    • children’s inference generation ability66
    • inference-making ability 80–81, 90
    • reading ability 17, 20, 56, 58, 70, 117, 121–123, 144
  • accuracy 15, 17, 59, 160, 166, 181–182, 187–189
  • acquisition 21–23, 26, 31, 44, 52, 54, 57, 87–88, 90, 107, 118, 120, 124, 129, 138, 140–142, 144, 173, 189
  • activation 13, 21, 30, 37–38, 43, 46, 48, 54, 58, 60–61, 67, 72–77, 82–83, 90–91, 93–94, 99, 127, 143, 152, 163, 165, 171
  • adults xi, 1, 9, 11–12, 15–22, 27, 46, 60, 66, 83, 89, 92, 107, 111, 135, 164
    • young adults 1, 11–12
  • age 6, 10–11, 14, 20–23, 45, 51, 53, 55, 60, 66, 70, 80–81, 89–90, 107, 109, 115, 117, 123, 134–135, 143, 151, 167, 172
    • groups 11, 135
    • aging 11, 21–26
  • algorithm 183, 186
  • analogies 49, 134
  • anaphor 23, 54, 67–68
    • anaphoric inference58
  • answer questions 44, 108, 190
  • antecedents 58, 66, 68, 70, 81, 99, 165
  • assessments 88, 104–105, 107, 113, 126, 138, 154, 160
  • asymmetry xii, 14, 23, 25, 87
  • attention xi–xii, 3–4, 7, 9, 12–13, 19, 22, 24, 26, 29, 37, 39–40, 47, 55, 71, 74, 138, 146, 171–172, 174–175
    • user’s attention 171, 174
    • phase 174–175
  • automatic components 58, 165
  • awareness 16–17, 19, 41, 54, 102, 104–106, 109, 112, 117–118, 123–124, 141, 153, 161
    • morphological awareness 104–105, 112, 117–118, 123–124
    • phonological awareness 16–17, 19, 102, 104, 109, 118
    • syntactic awareness 105–106, 117
  • background information 48, 58
  • background knowledge 29, 31, 33–35, 37–38, 40–41, 43–48, 54–55, 57, 64, 67–69, 85, 87, 108, 114–115, 143, 147–148, 152, 154–156, 159, 163, 165
    • inaccurate background knowledge 44, 48
    • low prior background knowledge 55, 163
    • reader’s background knowledge 34, 40, 69, 148, 159
    • roles of background knowledge152
  • backtracking xiii, 169, 183–184, 188
  • beginning reader 11, 15–16, 18
  • behaviors 63, 74–75
  • brain 23, 25, 50, 52, 66, 70, 72, 82–83, 88–92, 96–99, 120
    • research 91, 98
  • causal antecedents 68, 70, 81
    • plausible causal antecedents70
  • causal chains 67–68
  • causal cohesion 60, 98, 164, 167
  • causal direction 76, 86, 93
  • causal inferences xii, 45, 63, 65–68, 70–71, 74, 76, 80–82, 84–85, 87–88, 92, 94–95, 97–98, 165, 167
    • generation xii, 66, 70,72, 74, 76, 88
  • causal information 56, 66, 88, 95
  • causal reasoning 60, 64, 91
  • causal relatedness 98, 165
  • causal relations 38, 60, 65–66, 70, 81, 84, 88, 98, 147, 167
  • causal thinking 60, 98, 167
  • causality 54–55, 58, 60, 65–66, 84–85, 88, 90, 93–94, 96–97, 147
  • causation xii, 34, 88, 95
  • childhood 27, 45, 61, 120, 167
  • children xi, 1–2, 8–10, 15–24, 26–27, 44–46, 50–51, 53–56, 58–61, 66, 78–82, 88–93, 96–99, 101, 103–112, 114–115, 117–124, 141, 144, 156, 164
    • preschool children 107, 121
    • teaching children xi, 1–2, 15, 23
    • young children 26, 46, 51, 80, 90, 109, 111–112, 114–115, 121
    • children and adults 15–16, 18–20, 22, 89
  • classrooms 19, 134, 143
  • clinical diagnosis inferences 74–75, 94
  • co-activation 38, 43, 60
  • cognition 21–27, 50–53, 55–59, 62–66, 69–73, 88–91, 93–95, 99, 122–123, 142–144, 146, 162–167, 191
    • causal cognition 66, 69
    • complex cognition146
    • human cognition 63–64, 70–71, 88
    • paradigm for cognition 93, 142, 191
  • cognitive model ix, xiii, 169, 181, 188, 190–192
  • cognitive processes ix, xii, 1, 6, 23, 36, 56–57, 60, 64, 73, 87, 91, 96, 122–123, 127, 133, 142, 170–171
  • cognitive research 145–146, 152–153
  • coherence 32–35, 39, 44, 50, 53–54, 57–58, 60–61, 64–65, 68–70, 77, 83, 86, 88–89, 91, 94, 96–98, 114, 123, 126, 142–143, 146, 150, 155, 159, 162, 165, 167
    • causal coherence 70, 89
    • explanatory coherence 98, 167
    • global coherence 50, 65, 70, 77, 86, 89, 162
  • cohesion 58, 60, 91, 98, 131–132, 144, 154–155, 164–167
  • Coh-Metrix143
  • CoLiDeS xiii, 169–178, 180–181, 183–189, 191–192
  • competence 88, 121, 159
  • comprehenders 31, 35, 51, 56, 61, 80–83, 95, 109–110, 117, 119, 144
    • good comprehenders 31, 35, 82
  • comprehending 29, 31, 34, 42, 80, 85, 87, 92, 174
  • comprehension ix, xi–xiii, xv, 5–7, 10, 18, 21, 23, 26, 29–31, 33–34, 36–37, 39–42, 44–52, 54–67, 69, 71–74, 77–99, 101–115, 117–123, 125–147, 150, 156, 160, 162–167, 169–172, 189, 191
    • children’s comprehension 44, 103, 144
    • inferential comprehension 58, 96
    • level of comprehension 10, 29, 39, 41
    • comprehension and learning xi, 30–31, 36, 41, 44–47, 55, 132, 143
    • comprehension component 101, 103, 112–113
    • comprehension difficulties xii, 81, 90, 101–102, 110, 112, 118, 120–121, 139, 143
    • comprehension instruction 51, 112
    • comprehension monitoring 40, 45, 52, 80, 112, 128, 136
    • comprehension performance 79, 101, 119, 127
    • comprehension problems 73, 88
    • comprehension skills xii, 31, 45, 47, 60, 80, 101–103, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 122, 134
    • comprehension strategies ix, xii, 40, 47, 50, 54–55, 57, 93, 96, 120, 125, 127–130, 133–139, 141, 143–144
    • comprehension strategy instruction xii, 125, 130, 133–136, 138–140
  • computing xvii, 57, 141, 143, 146, 171–172, 178, 183, 185
  • conceptual change 53, 61, 163, 167
  • conceptualization 86, 101–103, 114, 147, 162
  • connections xiii, 56, 58, 65, 83–84, 86, 111, 121, 125–127, 132, 146, 148, 150, 152, 157, 159, 161, 165
    • causal connections 58, 84, 165
    • making connections xiii, 56, 121, 125
  • constructing inferences 55, 92, 97, 142, 163, 166
  • content xii, 17, 42–43, 50, 52, 58, 63, 67–68, 87, 107, 128–129, 134, 139, 145–147, 149–153, 155–156, 158, 161–162, 170–172, 174, 177–178, 180–181, 186, 189, 191
  • context xi, xiii, 10, 14–15, 17, 21, 33, 38–39, 41, 43, 45, 48–51, 53, 57, 64–66, 70, 74, 76–78, 80, 85–86, 90, 94, 98–99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111–115, 120, 130–131, 137–145, 158, 163, 165, 173, 176, 178
    • contextual factors 70, 88, 125–126, 129–130, 136–137, 140
    • contextual information 7, 12, 26, 173, 190
  • cross-language study 91, 94
  • CTT_(Comprehension Tools for Teaching)111
  • decoding 8, 16–19, 80, 101–107, 109, 112–113, 119–120, 126, 135–136
    • phonological decoding 16–17, 19, 102
    • decoding skills 18, 80, 101, 105–107, 109, 120
  • developmental 11, 15, 18, 20, 25–26, 44–45, 47, 51, 55, 60, 81, 89–90, 93–95, 97, 102, 114, 118–124, 144
    • changes 15, 20, 45, 144
    • disabilities 118, 120
  • discourse ix, xii, 6, 21, 50–51, 53–59, 61, 63–64, 66–67, 69, 72, 74, 80, 83–86, 89–99, 102–103, 107–110, 112–115, 119, 131, 142–144, 163–167, 191
    • comprehension ix, xii, 55, 58–59, 63–64, 67, 72, 91, 93, 98, 164–165, 167
    • processing 53, 67, 83
    • representation 57, 95, 165
  • dyslexia 23, 27, 95, 117, 124
  • early literacy research 19, 122–123
  • early years ix, xii, 101–103, 105, 110, 113, 115
  • ECOMPLEC 87–88, 94, 96
  • education ix, xi–xii, xv, xvii, 24, 26, 29, 50–51, 53, 55, 57, 59–61, 95, 98, 113, 119–122, 135, 141, 144–145, 163, 166, 191
    • educational contexts ix, 44, 190
    • educational progress 119, 121, 123, 143
    • educators xii, 44, 50, 125, 127, 140–141
  • emotions 76, 81, 94
    • emotional contexts 70, 74–75
  • encoding xi, 4, 7, 11, 20, 25, 30, 32–33, 38–39, 48, 51–52, 58, 72, 75, 91, 108, 160, 166
  • executive functions 44, 46–47, 51, 53
  • experience 9, 30, 32–33, 41, 45–47, 52, 55, 77, 148, 156, 161, 171, 189, 191–192
  • expertise 53, 66, 89–90
    • experts 32–33, 66, 74–75, 89, 94
  • explicit instruction 19, 88, 137
  • expository ix, xiii, 29, 34, 45, 47, 50, 54, 56–57, 59, 61, 68, 74, 84–87, 92, 94–95, 97, 145–153, 155–159, 161, 164–167
    • texts ix, xiii, 29, 34, 47, 84–87, 95, 146, 149–150, 157–159, 161, 164–165, 167
    • processing of expository texts 146, 159
  • extracting meaning 42, 114
  • eye fixations 21–22, 24, 26
  • eye guidance 11, 24
  • eye movements ix, xi, 1–2, 5–12, 14–27, 59
    • children’s eye movements 9–10, 15–16, 23–24
    • cognitive control of eye movements 24–25
    • eye movement control xi, 1–2, 10, 12, 20, 22, 25
    • eye movement data 2, 13–16, 18
    • eye movement patterns 9, 18–19
  • EZ Reader model 23, 25
  • fixation durations 9, 11, 14–15, 22, 25, 27, 177
    • eye fixation durations 22, 177
  • fixations 2, 4–11, 14–15, 19–26
    • locations24
  • formative feedback 136, 138, 140, 144
  • forward inferences xii, 63, 65, 67–70, 76, 83, 85–86, 95
  • genre xii, 63, 68, 70, 74, 84, 86, 88, 93–94, 99, 150, 167
    • expectations 99, 167
  • global inferences65
  • high school students 58, 93, 135
  • hyperlink text 170, 174, 183, 185–186, 188
  • improving comprehension 31, 48, 54, 93
  • inconsistencies 45, 52, 61, 97
  • inferences ix, xii, 31, 38–39, 45, 55–57, 60–61, 63–77, 80–89, 91–99, 114, 120, 123, 126, 128, 132–133, 142, 147–148, 159, 163, 165–167 See also causal inferences
    • bridging inferences 38, 65, 67, 83, 97, 128, 132–133, 159
    • inference activation 73, 76
    • inference generation xii, 60, 64, 66, 70, 72–74, 76, 82–83, 88, 90, 92–95, 98, 108, 120, 123, 144, 167
    • children’s inference generation 66, 90, 93, 120
    • backward inferences 67–70, 76, 83
    • backward and forward inferences xii, 63, 65, 69, 83
    • explanatory inferences 67–68, 76, 85–86
    • generation of inferences during reading 61, 123, 167
    • making inferences 31, 39, 65, 82
    • on-line inferences 68, 98, 167
    • predictive inferences 67–69, 83, 91–93
  • inferencing xii–xiii, 64, 80, 86, 89, 96, 147–148, 155, 159
    • inferential processes 60, 83, 86, 147, 159
    • inferential processing 47, 82, 94, 142
  • instruction ix, xii, 15–19, 23, 46, 48, 51–52, 54–58, 61, 88, 92, 94, 101–104, 110–115, 117–119, 123, 125–126, 130, 133–145, 163, 165–166
  • integration of information 30, 42–43, 64
  • iSTART 55, 57, 143
  • knowledge ix, xi, xiii, 23, 29–51, 53–59, 61, 63–70, 74–77, 80, 82, 84–90, 92–97, 99, 104–106, 108, 114–115, 117–118, 120, 125–129, 131–132, 134–136, 141–144, 146–148, 150, 152–156, 158–166, 171–173, 177, 180–181, 189, 191
    • causal knowledge 66, 97
    • children’s knowledge 46, 59
    • conceptual knowledge 29, 32
    • domain knowledge 50, 59, 115, 166
    • expert knowledge 32, 85
    • new knowledge 33, 152, 155
    • knowledge acquisition 31, 44, 144, 173, 189
    • knowledge activation 90, 143, 163
    • knowledge representations ix, xi, 29–33, 35–36, 38, 43, 48–49
  • language xii, 6, 9–10, 12, 15–21, 23, 26, 46, 51, 54, 57, 60, 71–73, 80–83, 89–92, 94–99, 101–115, 117–124, 131, 134–136, 139, 141–142, 144, 152, 163–165, 167
    • natural language 82, 92, 106
    • spoken language 16, 110, 112
    • language and cognition 72–73, 95
    • language comprehension 6, 18, 82, 90–92, 103, 105–106, 110, 119, 135, 141, 167
    • language learning 141, 144
    • language processing 9, 12, 15–16, 18, 83, 91, 119
    • language skills xii, 81, 101–104, 108–115, 121, 135
  • Latent Semantic Analysis 169, 171, 191–192
  • learners 39–41, 44, 48, 54, 121–123, 135–136, 138–139, 141, 144
  • learning ix, xi, xvii, 1, 16, 18–22, 24–26, 29–33, 35–36, 38–62, 80, 86, 89–99, 117–123, 130, 132, 134–135, 137, 139–146, 150, 152–154, 161–167, 171, 173, 189, 191–192
    • psychology of learning 57, 90, 94–95, 143
    • learning disabilities 51, 54, 56, 61, 117–118, 120–123
    • learning materials 40–41, 45–46, 48
    • learning processes 29, 39, 49, 52, 55, 91, 134
    • learning strategies 29, 40, 45, 47–49, 140, 143
  • left hemisphere_(LH) 82–83, 89
  • lexical processing 7–9, 12–15, 20
  • lexical quality 27, 59, 122, 144
  • lexical representations 22, 26
  • linguistics ix, 71, 89, 97, 106, 122
  • listening 81, 102–109, 119–121
    • comprehension 102–103, 105–106, 108–109, 119–121
  • literacy development 19, 123–124
    • early literacy 19, 109–110, 118, 121–123
  • LSA 171–172, 178, 186, 188–189, 191
  • meaningful learning ix, xi, 29–30, 40, 48–49, 57
  • memory xi, xv, 5, 20–27, 30–33, 37–40, 42–43, 45–47, 49–62, 65–66, 72, 77, 83–84, 89–93, 95–99, 104, 106, 108, 121, 123, 127, 130, 141–148, 152–154, 158, 160–167, 171, 190
    • long-term memory xi, 30–31, 33, 38
    • reader’s memory 148, 152
    • semantic memory 53, 57
    • memory capacity 90, 98, 164, 190
    • memory representation 60–61, 98, 167
  • mental model 42–43, 50, 58, 85, 89, 95, 107, 152, 159, 162
  • mental representation xii, 30–31, 33, 35–36, 38–39, 41–43, 63, 65, 71, 87, 101, 127–129, 132, 148, 152, 162, 190
    • coherent mental representation xii, 43, 65, 101, 127, 132
  • meta-analysis 51, 59, 119, 136, 141, 144, 163
  • metacognition 129, 139, 159
  • metacomprehension 59, 159–160, 165–167
  • misconceptions 33, 46, 48, 60, 153, 164
  • monitoring ix, xi, 1, 30, 40, 45, 47, 52, 59, 80, 112, 114, 127–128, 136, 139, 166
  • motivation 57, 70, 88, 90, 94–95, 127, 134, 139, 142–143
  • multimedia 123, 131–132
  • multiple texts 39, 42–44, 52, 60, 131–132, 137
    • comprehension of multiple texts 42, 132
  • narrative comprehension 56, 58, 60, 62, 81, 84, 96–97, 99, 103, 107, 122, 167
  • narratives 34, 43, 60, 75, 85–86, 98, 107, 151, 156–157
    • texts 29, 47, 78–79, 85–87, 91, 93, 147, 159
  • navigation ix, xiii, 169–175, 177–178, 181, 183, 186–192
    • behavior 170–171, 181, 187, 189
    • menu 172, 189
    • patterns 178, 186, 189
    • process 169, 181, 189
    • support 169, 181, 186, 190
  • novices 32–33, 74–75, 89, 94
  • online processing 12, 146–147, 158, 162
  • oral language xii, 101–104, 108–115, 117, 120–122
    • skills xii, 101–104, 108–115
  • parafoveal vision 24, 26
  • path adequacy xiii, 169, 183–186, 188–189
    • computation of path adequacy 183–184, 189
  • perception ix, 19–21, 23–26, 33, 70, 157, 170
  • perceptual span xi, 1–4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 19, 21, 23–25, 27
  • phonology 4, 21, 102–104, 109, 111, 113
  • phonological skills 90, 104, 106, 109, 119
  • Pic model xiii, 169, 174, 176–178, 180–181, 183, 185, 187–189
  • poor comprehenders 31, 35, 51, 80, 82, 95, 109–110, 117
  • preschool xii, 93, 101–102, 106–107, 111, 118, 120–121, 123
  • preview benefit xi, 1–2, 4–5, 7, 11, 13–15, 24, 26
  • prior knowledge xiii, 30, 41–42, 55–59, 69–70, 74–77, 87, 94, 108, 115, 120, 125, 127–128, 132, 134–136, 143, 150, 152–156, 159, 161–166, 177, 180–181
    • activating prior knowledge 132, 136
    • low prior knowledge 154, 180–181
  • problem solving 30, 53–54, 57, 89–90, 144, 170–171
  • processes ix, xi–xiii, xv, 1, 6, 13, 19, 21, 23, 29–30, 36–41, 43, 46, 49–58, 60–61, 63–64, 66–67, 69–75, 77–78, 82–83, 86–88, 90–99, 101, 104, 108, 114–115, 119–123, 125–127, 129–131, 133–135, 137, 141–144, 146–147, 159, 161–167, 170–171, 173–176, 191
    • automatic processes 39, 46
    • strategic processes 36, 39, 43, 46, 114
  • processing xiii, 1, 3–4, 6–16, 18–24, 26, 42, 45, 47, 50–56, 58–59, 63–64, 66–69, 72, 75–80, 82–83, 85, 89–91, 93–95, 98–99, 102, 117, 119, 121, 127, 129, 132–133, 140, 142, 144–155, 157–164, 166–167, 171, 173–174, 176–177
    • cognitive processing 6, 16, 63, 171
    • on-line processing 21, 142, 164
    • parafoveal processing 3–4, 7, 13, 15, 26
    • semantic processing 82, 89, 121
    • strategic processing 67, 98, 117, 150
    • top-down processing 68–69, 77, 79–80, 89, 171
  • propositions 32, 34, 127, 146
  • reading comprehension ix, xi–xii, xv, 7, 10, 21, 26, 30, 36, 39–40, 45–47, 49–51, 54–61, 63–66, 77–81, 84, 87–90, 93–96, 98–99, 101–110, 113–115, 117, 119–123, 126–128, 131, 137–138, 141, 143–144, 147, 165, 167
    • effects on reading comprehension 54, 109
    • poor reading comprehension 95, 121, 123
    • reading comprehension failures110
    • reading comprehension strategies 47, 54, 57, 93, 96, 120, 128, 138, 143–144
    • reading difficulties 17, 26, 104, 113, 120
    • reading disabilities 117–118, 123
    • reading material 137, 148, 150
  • recall 34–35, 38, 50–52, 56–57, 60–61, 84, 133, 144, 146, 150, 153, 155, 158, 163–165
  • refixations 8, 10, 19
  • regressions 2, 7–10, 14–15, 19
  • representation xii, 30–44, 48–49, 57, 60–61, 63, 65–66, 71, 81, 87, 89, 91, 94–95, 97–98, 101, 126–129, 132, 145–148, 152, 154–159, 162, 164–165, 167, 171, 190
    • coherent representation 40, 63, 146–147, 156, 159
    • reader’s representation 66, 155
    • textbase representation154
  • rereading 38–40
  • resonance process 148, 152, 159
  • retention 40–41, 144, 162–164, 166
  • retrieval 32, 39, 41, 48, 51, 53, 58, 64, 72, 108, 152, 165–166, 178, 185, 189, 192
  • saccades 2, 4, 7–10, 13–15, 19, 22
  • schemas 60, 66, 77, 108, 161
  • science texts 51, 58, 60, 85, 95, 153, 162, 166
    • comprehension 91–92, 95–96, 163
    • scientific texts 55, 95, 159, 164–165
  • search 10, 20, 24, 42, 58, 70, 77, 86, 147, 150, 169–173, 178, 187, 189–190
  • semantics 4, 89, 93, 102–104, 106, 113
    • semantic information xiii, 68, 83, 163, 174, 176, 178, 180–181, 183–185, 188–189, 192
    • semantic similarity 169, 171, 179, 183, 185–186, 188
  • simulations 2, 14–16, 18, 38
  • situation model 30, 62–63, 85–87, 93, 128–129, 147, 154–155, 159, 161–162, 166–167
    • construction 62, 93, 154–155, 167
    • representation 147, 154
  • speech 17, 20, 26, 76, 92, 117, 119, 121, 124, 190
  • story comprehension 59, 82, 89, 91, 94, 97–98
  • story events 34, 98, 147
  • strategies ix, xii–xiii, 15, 17, 19, 29–30, 39–45, 47–50, 54–57, 77, 86–88, 93, 96, 98, 120–121, 125–141, 143–144, 146, 150, 157–158, 164, 167, 192
    • strategy instruction xii, 125–126, 130, 133–140
  • SWIFT model 13–14
  • teachers ix, 48, 50, 111, 113, 118, 124, 133, 137–139
  • textbooks 132, 145, 148
  • text characteristics xii, 29, 44, 47, 84, 114
  • text coherence 57, 70, 143, 165
  • text cohesion 58, 154–155, 166
  • text comprehension ix, xiii, xv, 33, 36–37, 42, 50, 55, 58, 60–61, 63, 74, 80, 90–93, 95–99, 119, 121–123, 127, 130–133, 142–143, 146, 160, 162–164, 166–167, 171
    • expository text comprehension 61, 97, 166
    • model of text comprehension 93, 164
    • narrative text comprehension 55, 90, 92, 142, 163
    • psychology of science text comprehension 91–92, 95–96, 163
  • text content 58, 129, 145–147, 151, 153, 156, 158, 162
  • text learning 43, 60, 123, 167
  • text processing 53–54, 56, 58–59, 76, 127, 140, 145–146, 152, 154–155, 158, 160, 163–164, 166
  • text representations 33–36, 38, 42, 49
  • text structure 40, 44–45, 54–55, 61, 70, 146, 156, 158, 162–164
  • visual information 2, 4, 6, 8–9, 11, 18, 20, 23
  • vocabulary 16, 18–19, 23, 39, 44, 46, 82, 90, 102, 105–111, 117–119, 135, 141
    • knowledge 23, 90, 117, 135
  • web-navigation ix, xiii, 169–170, 173, 183, 188, 191–192
    • cognitive model of web-navigation ix, xiii, 169, 192
  • word frequency 6–10, 14, 20–22, 24–26, 59
    • word frequency effects 6, 8, 22, 26, 59
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