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Article published In: Scientific Study of Literature
Vol. 11:2 (2021) ► pp.148–195

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Openness to experience, absorption-like states, and the aesthetic, explanatory, and pragmatic effects of literary reading

 | University of Alberta
 | University of Alberta
 | University of Basel
Published online: 2 March 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ssol.21007.kui
Abstract
Although several measures of reading engagement (e.g., absorption, immersion) have been developed in recent years, the possibility that they reflect different constructs has not been systematically examined. The present study investigated two factorially independent forms of reading engagement measured by the Absorption-Like States Questionnaire (ASQ; Kuiken, D., & Douglas, S. (2017). Forms of absorption that facilitate the aesthetic and explanatory effects of literary reading (Chapter 11). In F. Hakemulder, M. M. Kuijpers, E. S. Tan, K. Bálint, & M. M. Doicaru (Eds.), Narrative absorption (Vol. 271, pp. 217–249). Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, (2018). Living metaphor as the site of bidirectional literary engagement. Scientific Study of Literature, 8(1), 47–76. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). We examined whether (a) expressive enactment (ASQ-EE) and integrative comprehension (ASQ-IC) differentially predict aesthetic, explanatory, and pragmatic reading outcomes; (b) whether the components and outcomes of ASQ-EE and ASQ-IC differ from those of another measure of reading engagement (the Story World Absorption Scale, SWAS; Kuijpers, M. M., Hakemulder, F., Tan, E. S., & Doicaru, M. M. (2014). Exploring absorbing reading experiences: Developing and validating a self-report scale to measure story world absorption. Scientific Study of Literature, 4(1), 89–122. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), and (c) whether ASQ-EE and ASQ-IC are differentially related to two measures of trait openness to experience: the Tellegen Absorption Scale (Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of abnormal psychology 83(3), 268–277. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) and the Big Five Aspects Scale for Openness/Intellect; DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 880–896. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Comparing modes of reading engagement
    • Thematizing global linguistic structures
    • Theme-transforming interaction
    • Modes of reading engagement
    • Two reflective and creative modes of reading engagement
    • Expressive enactment, inexpressible realizations, and sublime feeling
    • Integrative comprehension, plot assembly, and narrative curiosity
    • Revisiting the single underlying construct hypothesis
      • Empathy components
      • Imagery components
      • Attention components
    • The cognitive fulcrum between creative absorption-like states
    • Objectives summary
  • Methods
    • Participants
    • Procedures
    • Materials
      • Absorption-Like States Questionnaire (ASQ)
      • Story World Absorption Scale (SWAS)
      • Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS)
      • Openness to experience (Big Five Aspects Scale; BFAS)
      • Need for cognition
      • Emotional coping
      • Insight oriented reading
      • Socially desirable responding
      • Aesthetic outcomes
        • Sublime feeling
        • Evocative imagery
        • Being moved
      • Explanatory outcomes
      • Pragmatic outcomes
      • Reading habits
  • Results and discussion
    • Assessing the ASQ model
      • Aesthetic outcomes
      • Explanatory outcomes
      • Pragmatic outcomes
    • Comparing absorption-like states
      • Comparing components
        • Empathy-like components
        • Imagery-like components
        • Attentional components
      • Comparing outcomes
    • Relations with trait measures of openness to experience
    • Related asymmetries
  • General discussion
    • Creatively epistemic absorption-like states
  • Notes
  • Choosing your most memorable reading experience
  • Absorption-Like States Questionnaire (ASQ)
  • Attention subscales
    • Sustained attention
    • Flexibly receptive attention (Temporal Attunement)
  • Narrative engagement subscales
    • Expressive enactment
    • Integrative comprehension
  • Outcomes questionnaire
    • Aesthetic outcomes
    • Explanatory outcomes
    • Pragmatic outcomes
  • References
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