“Transportation into a narrative world” is a psychological mechanism through which narrative communication can affect beliefs (Green & Brock, 2000). Transportation, or psychological immersion into a story, entails imagery, emotionality, and attentional focus. Two studies (N = 92 and 126) suggested that when readers’ pre-reading emotional states match the emotional tone of a narrative, transportation into that narrative is increased. Low-arousal positive emotions (contentedness, thoughtful) also increase transportation. Transportation is also associated with greater story-consistent emotional response, even if the emotions evoked by the ending of the story are different from the emotional tone at the start of the story (and readers’ pre-reading emotions). Furthermore, labeling a narrative as fact versus fiction does not affect the intensity of emotional response.
2025. Virtue Ethics in Marketing: The Art of Crafting Tragic Brand Stories. Journal of Business Ethics 200:3 ► pp. 599 ff.
Duong, Chien, Billy Sung, Xujia Wang & Athena Wei Chee Chong
2025. Taking action through stories: Promoting carbon-neutral meat consumption with narrative and message framing. Appetite 207 ► pp. 107895 ff.
Ghasseminejad, Melina
2025. 65The power of perception: The influence of fictionality on the creation of storyworld possible selves. In Storyworld Possible Selves and Narrative Intersubjectivity, ► pp. 65 ff.
Lee, Hyunji & Nara Youn
2025. Immersed in Art: The Impact of Affinity for Technology Interaction and Hedonic Motivation on Aesthetic Experiences in Virtual Reality. Empirical Studies of the Arts 43:1 ► pp. 355 ff.
Schwerin, Julia, Jan Lenhart & Tobias Richter
2025. Short-Term Effects of Fiction on Social-Cognitive Skills: The Roles of Literariness, Language Familiarity, and Narrative Experience. Scientific Study of Literature 14:1 ► pp. 4 ff.
Teng, Wenqiang, Hui Zhi, Rui Wang & Min Zhou
2025. “Feeling the Pain of Others”: Examining the Framing Effects of Cancer Metaphors on Media Vicarious Traumatization. Health Communication 40:11 ► pp. 2191 ff.
Venkatesan, Tara, Mario Attie‐Picker, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe
2025. Sad Art Gives Voice to Our Own Sadness. Cognitive Science 49:1
Yang, Zhongfang, Jing Wang, Yue Zhang, Dan Zhao, Xichenhui Qiu, Yanfen Fu, Bei Wu & Yan Hu
2025. Using Narrative Transportation Theory to Build Interventions that Reduce Perceived Stigma Among Women Living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of General Internal Medicine 40:3 ► pp. 666 ff.
章, 洁
2025. Research on the Phenomenon of Sadness Marketing in Live Streaming Commerce from the Perspective of Empathy. E-Commerce Letters 14:10 ► pp. 355 ff.
DeLeo, Rob A., Elizabeth A. Shanahan, Kristin Taylor, Nathan Jeschke, Deserai Crow, Thomas A. Birkland, Elizabeth Koebele, Danielle Blanch-Hartigan, Courtney Welton-Mitchell, Sandhya Sangappa, Elizabeth Albright & Honey Minkowitz
2024. COVID-19 memorable messages as internal narratives: stability and change over time. Policy Sciences 57:3 ► pp. 519 ff.
Jheng, Yi-Lun, Sander Van de Cruys, Leen Catrysse, Heidi Vandebosch, David Gijbels & Karolien Poels
2024. The Facts or the Story? It Takes Both to Sensitize People About Unknown Health Hazards. Journal of Health Communication 29:2 ► pp. 107 ff.
Porto, Melina
2024. Combining linguistic and non-linguistic expression in reading in the performative university. Journal of Further and Higher Education 48:9-10 ► pp. 847 ff.
Yang, Yuchen
2024. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData), ► pp. 2549 ff.
Fitzgerald, K., C. J. Francemone, M.C. Green, M. Grizzard & R. Frazer
2023. The Emotional Flow Scale: Validating a Measure of Dynamic Emotional Experiences in Message Reception. Media Psychology 26:6 ► pp. 790 ff.
Hamby, Anne, Daphna Motro, Zared Shawver & Richard Gerrig
2023. Examining Readers’ Emotional Responses to Stories. Journal of Media Psychology 35:3 ► pp. 131 ff.
2023. Psychophysiological responses to mobile reading: evidence from frontal EEG signals under a distracting reading environment and different text genres. Information Technology & People 36:3 ► pp. 1048 ff.
Bozeman, Bryan B., Celeste M. Condit & Gary D. Grossman
2022. Do Conservation Films Generate Support for Conservation? A Case Study Using Transportation Theory and Hidden Rivers. Science Communication 44:6 ► pp. 814 ff.
Głomb, Kaja
2022. How to improve eyewitness testimony research: theoretical and methodological concerns about experiments on the impact of emotions on memory performance. Psychological Research 86:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Hecht, Marlene, Andrea Kloß & Anne Bartsch
2022. Stopping the Stigma. How Empathy and Reflectiveness Can Help Reduce Mental Health Stigma. Media Psychology 25:3 ► pp. 367 ff.
Raile, Eric D., Elizabeth A. Shanahan, Richard C. Ready, Jamie McEvoy, Clemente Izurieta, Ann Marie Reinhold, Geoffrey C. Poole, Nicolas T. Bergmann & Henry King
2022. Narrative Risk Communication as a Lingua Franca for Environmental Hazard Preparation. Environmental Communication 16:1 ► pp. 108 ff.
Thissen, Birte A. K., Wolff Schlotz, Cornelius Abel, Mathias Scharinger, Klaus Frieler, Julia Merrill, Thomas Haider & Winfried Menninghaus
2022. At the Heart of Optimal Reading Experiences: Cardiovascular Activity and Flow Experiences in Fiction Reading. Reading Research Quarterly 57:3 ► pp. 831 ff.
Benitez-Galbraith, Jacqueline & Craig S. Galbraith
2021. Narrative Engagement, Enjoyment, Learning and Theme Comprehension: Using an Authentic Music Video in an Introductory College Language Classroom. RELC Journal 52:3 ► pp. 397 ff.
Cao, Xinyue, Zhirui Qu, Yan Liu & JiaJing Hu
2021. How the destination short video affects the customers' attitude: The role of narrative transportation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 62 ► pp. 102672 ff.
Dahy, Faten Abdelaziz & Khaled Mostafa Karam
2021. Potentials of Empathetic Stimuli in Creative Nonfiction: Zimbardo’sThe Lucifer Effectand Danner’sTorture and Truth. English Studies 102:4 ► pp. 468 ff.
2021. AR Cinema: Visual Storytelling and Embodied Experiences with Augmented Reality Filters and Backgrounds. PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 30 ► pp. 99 ff.
Triantafyllopoulos, Maria, Binyan Li, Margaret Schnabel & Fritz Breithaupt
2021. The Effect of Fiction vs Nonfiction in the Digital Era: Text Comprehension not Influenced by Genre Expectations. Discourse Processes 58:10 ► pp. 886 ff.
Vaccaro, Anthony G., Brandon Scott, Sarah I. Gimbel & Jonas T. Kaplan
2021. Functional Brain Connectivity During Narrative Processing Relates to Transportation and Story Influence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15
Chlebuch, Natasha, Thalia R. Goldstein & Deena Skolnick Weisberg
2020. Fact or fiction?. Scientific Study of Literature 10:2 ► pp. 167 ff.
Coren, Emily & Debra L. Safer
2020. Solutions Stories: An Innovative Strategy for Managing Negative Physical and Mental Health Impacts from Extreme Weather Events. In Climate Change, Hazards and Adaptation Options [Climate Change Management, ], ► pp. 441 ff.
Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine
2020. Translation and the double bind of imaginative resistance. Translation Studies 13:3 ► pp. 251 ff.
Huron, David & Jonna K. Vuoskoski
2020. On the Enjoyment of Sad Music: Pleasurable Compassion Theory and the Role of Trait Empathy. Frontiers in Psychology 11
Kevane, Michael
2020. Reading Fiction and Economic Preferences of Rural Youth in Burkina Faso. Economic Development and Cultural Change 68:3 ► pp. 1041 ff.
Michaelson, Christopher & Jennifer Tosti-Kharas
2020. A World Changed: What Post-9/11 Stories Tell Us about the Position of America, Purpose of Business, and Meaning of Work. Academy of Management Review 45:4 ► pp. 877 ff.
Moore, Melissa M. & Melanie C. Green
2020. Immersion. In The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, ► pp. 1 ff.
Wu, Tung-Ju, Ting Xu, Lydia Qianqian Li & Kuo-Shu Yuan
2020. “Touching with heart, reasoning by truth!” The impact of brand cues on mini-film advertising effect. International Journal of Advertising 39:8 ► pp. 1322 ff.
Beigi, Mina, Jamie Callahan & Christopher Michaelson
2019. A Critical Plot Twist: Changing Characters and Foreshadowing the Future of Organizational Storytelling. International Journal of Management Reviews 21:4 ► pp. 447 ff.
MacDorman, Karl F.
2019. In the uncanny valley, transportation predicts narrative enjoyment more than empathy, but only for the tragic hero. Computers in Human Behavior 94 ► pp. 140 ff.
Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Ann Marie Reinhold, Eric D. Raile, Geoffrey C. Poole, Richard C. Ready, Clemente Izurieta, Jamie McEvoy, Nicolas T. Bergmann, Henry King & Fritz Breithaupt
2019. Characters matter: How narratives shape affective responses to risk communication. PLOS ONE 14:12 ► pp. e0225968 ff.
Dillard, Amanda J., Rebecca A. Ferrer & Jessica D. Welch
2018. Associations between narrative transportation, risk perception and behaviour intentions following narrative messages about skin cancer. Psychology & Health 33:5 ► pp. 573 ff.
Galbraith, Craig & Carlos Rodriguez
2018. Student Engagement and Enjoyment of Narratives: An Empirical Study of an Authentic Music Video and a Short Teaching Case. College Teaching 66:4 ► pp. 171 ff.
Gittel, Benjamin
2018. In the Mood for Paradox? Das Verhältnis von Fiktion, Stimmung und Welterschließung aus mentalistischer und phänomenologischer Perspektive. Journal of Literary Theory 12:2 ► pp. 300 ff.
Gooch, Andrew
2018. Ripping Yarn: Experiments on Storytelling by Partisan Elites. Political Communication 35:2 ► pp. 220 ff.
Menninghaus, Winfried, Valentin Wagner, Julian Hanich, Eugen Wassiliwizky, Thomas Jacobsen & Stefan Koelsch
2017. The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40
Michelle, Carolyn, Charles H. Davis, Ann L. Hardy & Craig Hight
2017. Researching Audience Engagements with the Hobbit Trilogy: A Unique Methodological Approach. In Fans, Blockbusterisation, and the Transformation of Cinematic Desire, ► pp. 23 ff.
Gittel, Benjamin, Robert Deutschländer & Martin Hecht
2016. A Novel Approach to Business Ethics Education: Exploring How to Live and Work in the 21st Century. Academy of Management Learning & Education 15:3 ► pp. 588 ff.
Michaelson, Christopher
2022. Leadership and Character(s): Behavioral Business Ethics in ‘War and Peace’. Journal of Business Ethics 177:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
Oatley, Keith
2016. Fiction: Simulation of Social Worlds. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20:8 ► pp. 618 ff.
Velikovsky, J. T.
2016. The Holon/Parton Theory of the Unit of Culture (or the Meme, and Narreme). In Creative Technologies for Multidisciplinary Applications [Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, ], ► pp. 208 ff.
Velikovsky, J. T.
2017. Introducing the Robo–Raconteur Artificial Writer Or. International Journal of Art, Culture, Design, and Technology 6:2 ► pp. 28 ff.
Velikovsky, J. T.
2018. The Holon/Parton Theory of the Unit of Culture (or the Meme, and Narreme). In Technology Adoption and Social Issues, ► pp. 1590 ff.
Velikovsky, JT
2014. Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Interactive Entertainment, ► pp. 1 ff.
Cao, Xiaoxia
2015. The Influence of Fiction Versus Nonfiction on Political Attitudes. Communication Research Reports 32:1 ► pp. 83 ff.
Nabi, Robin L. & Melanie C. Green
2015. The Role of a Narrative's Emotional Flow in Promoting Persuasive Outcomes. Media Psychology 18:2 ► pp. 137 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Narrative transportation: How stories shape how we see ourselves and the world [Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 70], ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
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