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Constructed action in the narrative tasks of children and adults using Finnish Sign Language

ORCiD logo with link | University of Jyväskylä
 | University of Jyväskylä
Published online: 19 December 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.24010.puu
Abstract
This article describes the use of a specific type of enactment — constructed action (CA) — by children acquiring Finnish Sign Language (FinSL) and adults who use FinSL as their first language. Constructed action was investigated from the recordings of two narrative tasks performed by the children and the adults. In the tasks, the signers were shown still-image and video materials and asked to retell the events happening in the materials. The children’s recordings were part of a larger cross-sectional dataset that evaluated the language development of children acquiring FinSL. The adults’ recordings were part of the Corpus of Finnish Sign Language. In the present study, the children’s and adults’ data were systematically annotated and analyzed for CA tokens. The corresponding analysis provided the opportunity to compare CA use practices between the two age groups. Statistical tests were conducted to examine whether any statistically significant differences could be found between the two narrative tasks and the two age groups regarding CA use. The results showed clear differences between the use of CA by the children and the adults. The children used CA significantly less than the adults did in both narrative tasks. However, the findings also showed similarities in the patterns of CA use. Both groups used CA significantly more when they were shown video materials than when they were shown still images. The differences found between the groups support the view that CA is a gradually acquired skill, whereas the similarities show how viewing the dynamic actions of human referents encourages the use of enactment in narrative discourse contexts.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Constructed action
    • 2.1Types of constructed action
    • 2.2Use of constructed action in sign languages
  • 3.The use of constructed action among children acquiring sign language
    • 3.1Children’s narrative development
    • 3.2Children acquiring sign language
    • 3.3Constructed action in child language
  • 4.Data and method
    • 4.1Child data
    • 4.2Adult data
    • 4.3Annotation and analysis
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Overall use of CA in the data
    • 5.2Use of CA types by the children and the adults in the data
    • 5.3Variation in both groups
    • 5.4Use of CA by the children and the adults according to token frequency
  • 6.Discussion and conclusion
    • 6.1Use of CA by the children and the adults in the two narrative tasks: Differences and similarities
    • 6.2Variation across the groups
    • 6.3Theoretical implications
    • 6.4Methodological remarks
  • Notes
  • References
References (106)
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