Article published In: Sign Language & Linguistics
Vol. 25:1 (2022) ► pp.58–91
On question words in Czech Sign Language
Published online: 10 May 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.21001.str
https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.21001.str
Abstract
This paper investigates content questions and the paradigm of question words in Czech Sign Language (český znakový jazyk – ČZJ). While this topic has been investigated for a fair number of other sign languages, a comprehensive study for ČZJ is still missing. Our aim is to fill this gap. In the absence of a representative corpus for ČZJ, we use data from the most extensive electronic dictionary database (Dictio), developed at the Masaryk University. 2020. Dictio: Multilingual online dictionary. Available at [URL] in Brno. We offer a basic description of the ČZJ interrogative strategies for content questions. In doing so, we also situate the language within the typology of sign language interrogatives: we classify ČZJ as a language with a rich paradigm of question words, and we identify the basic syntactic position of question words as sentence-final. Furthermore, we outline three morphological types of ČZJ question words: simple, complex, and derived.
Keywords: question words, Czech Sign Language, content questions, compounds, non-manuals
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Data and methodology
- 2.1The Dictio platform
- 2.2Sessions with the consultant
- 3.Basic facts about content questions in ČZJ
- 3.1Sentential position of question words
- 3.2Question word paradigm
- 4.Morphological types of ČZJ question words
- 4.1Simple question words
- 4.2Complex question words
- 4.3Derived question words
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (44)
Abner, Natasha. 2011. Wh-words that go bump in the right. In Mary Byram Washburn, Katherine McKinney Bock, Erika Varis, Ann Sawyer & Barbara Tomaszewicz (eds.), Proceedings of West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics 281, 24–32. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Aboh, Enoch, Roland Pfau & Ulrike Zeshan. 2005. When a wh-word is not a wh-word: The case of Indian Sign Language. In Tanmoy Bhattacharya (ed.), The yearbook of South Asian languages and linguistics, 11–43. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Aronoff, Mark, Irit Meir & Wendy Sandler. 2005. The paradox of sign language morphology. Language 81(2). 301–344.
Aronoff, Mark, Irit Meir, Carol Padden & Wendy Sandler. 2004. Morphological universals and the sign language type. In Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle (eds.), Yearbook of morphology, 19–39. Dordrecht: Springer.
Brennan, Mary. 1990. Word formation in British Sign Language. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press.
Brentari, Diane & Carol Padden. 2001. Native and foreign vocabulary in American Sign Language: A language with multiple origins. In Diane Brentari (ed.), Foreign vocabulary in sign languages: A cross-linguistic investigation of word formation, 87–119. Mehwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Brentari, Diane & Petra Eccarius. 2010. Handshape contrasts in sign language phonology. In Diane Brentari (ed.), Sign languages, 284–311. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cecchetto, Carlo. 2012. Sentence types. In Roland Pfau, Markus Steinbach & Bencie Woll (eds.), Sign language. An international handbook, 292–315. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.
Dryer, Matthew S. 2013. Position of interrogative phrases in content questions. In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (eds.), The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Available online at [URL], accessed on 2021-08-10.
Feist, Timothy Richard. 2011. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester: University of Manchester PhD dissertation.
Fischer, Susan & Yutaka Osugi. 1998. Feature movement in wh-questions: Evidence from sign languages. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Washington, DC.
Fischer, Susan. 2006. Questions and negation in American Sign Language. In Ulrike Zeshan (ed.), Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages, 70–90. Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Galloway, Teresa. 2012. Distinguishing correlatives from internally headed relative clauses in ASL. Paper presented at Semantics of Under-represented Languages 7, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Hronová, Anna. 2002. Poznáváme český znakový jazyk 3 (tázací věty). Specialní pedagogika 12(2). 113–123.
Karlík, Petr & Roland Meyer. 2017. Tázací zájmeno. In Petr Karlík, Marek Nekula & Jana Pleskalová (eds.), CzechEncy – Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny. Brno: Masaryk University. Available at [URL], accessed on 2021-8-27.
Klima, Edward & Ursula Bellugi. 1979. The signs of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kubuş, Okan. 2010. Relative clause constructions in Turkish Sign Language. Poster presented at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Lepic, Ryan. 2015. Motivation in morphology: Lexical patterns in ASL and English. San Diego, CA: University of California PhD dissertation.
Liddell, Scott & Robert Johnson. 1986. American Sign Language compound formation processes, lexicalization, and phonological remnants. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 4(4). 445–513.
Mandel, Mark. 1981. Phonotactics and morphophonology in American Sign Language. Berkeley, CA: University of California PhD dissertation.
Masaryk University. 2020. Dictio: Multilingual online dictionary. Available at [URL]
McKee, Rachel. 2006. Aspects of interrogatives and negation in New Zealand Sign Language. In Ulrike Zeshan (ed.), Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages, 70–90. Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Meir, Irit, Mark Aronoff, Wendy Sandler & Carol Padden. 2010. Sign languages and compounding. In Sergio Scalise & Irene Vogel (eds.), Cross-disciplinary issues in compounding, 301–322. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Morgan, Michael. 2006. Interrogatives and negatives in Japanese Sign Language (JSL). In Ulrike Zeshan (ed.), Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages, 91–127. Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Padden, Carol. 1998. The ASL lexicon. Sign Language & Linguistics, 1(1). 39–60.
Petronio, Karen & Diane Lillo-Martin. 1997. Wh-movement and the position of Spec CP: evidence from American Sign Language. Language 731. 18–57.
Pfau, Roland, & Josep Quer. 2010. Nonmanuals: their grammatical and prosodic roles. In Diane Brentari (ed.), Sign languages, 381–402. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pfau, Roland. 2016. Morphology. In Anne Baker, Beppie van den Bogaerde, Roland Pfau & Trude Schermer (eds.), The linguistics of sign languages. An introduction, 197–228. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pospíšilová, Marie. 2012. Tázací výrazy v českém znakovém jazyce. Prague: Charles University BA thesis.
Quadros, Ronice Müller de. 2003. Phrase structure of Brazilian Sign Language. In Anne Baker, Beppie van den Bogaerde & Onno Crasborn (eds.), Crosslinguistic perspectives in sign language research. Selected papers from TISLR 2000, 141–162. Hamburg: Signum Press.
. 2006. Questions in Brazilian Sign Language (LSB). In Ulrike Zeshan (ed.), Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages, 270–283. Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Quer, Josep, Carlo Cecchetto, Caterina Donati, Carlo Geraci, Meltem Kelepir, Roland Pfau & Markus Steinbach (eds.). 2017. SignGram blueprint: A guide to sign language grammar writing. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Sandler, Wendy & Diane Lillo-Martin. 2006. Sign language and linguistic universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sandler, Wendy. 1989. Phonological representation of the sign: linearity and non-linearity in American Sign Language. Dordrecht: Foris.
Santoro, Mirko. 2018. Compounds in sign languages: The case of Italian and French Sign Language. Paris: School of Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences PhD dissertation.
Spencer, Andrew. 2016. Two morphologies or one?: Inflection versus word-formation. In Andrew Hippisley & Gregory Stump (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of morphology, 27–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van Herreweghe, Mieke & Myriam Vermeerbergen. 2006. Interrogatives and negatives in Flemish Sign Language. In Ulrike Zeshan (ed.), Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages, 70–90. Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Vlášková, Lucia & Hana Strachoňová. 2021. Sign language lexicography: a case study of an online dictionary. Slovenščina 2.0: Empirical, Applied and Interdisciplinary Research 9(1). 90–122.
Wilbur, Ronnie B. 1996. Evidence for the function and structure of wh-clefts in American Sign Language. In William H. Edmondson & Ronnie B. Wilbur (eds.), International review of sign linguistics, 209–256. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Zeshan, Ulrike. 2002. Towards a notion of ‘word’ in sign languages. In Robert M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), Word: A cross-linguistic typology, 153–179. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
