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Article published In: Impersonal human reference in Sign Languages
Edited by Gemma Barberà and Patricia Cabredo Hofherr
[Sign Language & Linguistics 21:2] 2018
► pp. 232–256

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Special issue articles

R-impersonal interpretation in Italian Sign Language (LIS)

 | University of Milan-Bicocca | Ca’ Foscari University Venice
 | CNRS, Institut Jean-Nicod | ENS, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Paris
Published online: 22 March 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.00019.man
Abstract
In this paper, we examine agent backgrounding in Italian Sign Language (LIS). Specifically, we are interested in identifying and describing the strategies used by LIS signers to reduce referentiality. On the basis of low-referential contexts (cf. questionnaire in the Introduction chapter), we recorded target sentences containing potential markers of agent backgrounding and asked three LIS native signers to provide felicity judgments on them using a 7-point scale. We discuss agent-backgrounding strategies of different types: (i) manual, (ii) non-manual, and (iii) syntactic. Overall, our study shows that the combination of raised eyebrows and mouth-corners down associated with the existential quantifier someone and the sign person makes the agent-backgrounding reading more prominent. Other strategies that can be used in LIS to reduce referentiality are free relatives, perspective shift, and null subject. We also investigate in more detail the semantic status of someone, person, and the null subject through well-established tests from the literature.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background information about LIS
  • 3.A note on the methodology
    • 3.1Data elicitation
    • 3.2Context-sentence matching
  • 4.Agent-backgrounding strategies
    • 4.1Manual strategies
      • 4.1.1Lexical markers
      • 4.1.2Manual morphemic markers
    • 4.2Non-manual strategies
    • 4.3Syntactic strategies
  • 5.Impersonal vs. indefinite pronouns
  • 6.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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