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In:The Documentarist Turn: From observable linguistic behaviour to typological generalizations
Edited by Sonja Riesberg, Uta Reinöhl and Birgit Hellwig
[Studies in Language Companion Series 240] 2026
► pp. 671–703

Chapter 24
Information structure and the agent-first preference

A corpus-based case study of a free word order language

ORCiD logo with link | The University of Manchester
This content is being prepared for publication; it may be subject to changes.
Abstract
This paper investigates correlations between information structure and constituent order patterns in transitive clauses extracted from recorded texts in Jaminjung-Ngaliwurru, an Australian language of the Mirndi family without a dominant constituent order at clause level. In transitive clauses with two overt arguments, and considering only linear order, the findings support a widely reported cross-linguistic preference for orders where the agent precedes the patient. However, the prevalence of agent-first orders is an epiphenomenon of two related preferences: a high probability for topics to be agents, and a preference for a rheme-internal placement of the patient, in contiguity with the verb. The result is that agents, in the case that they are overt at all, tend to be placed in rheme-external position, usually as initial topics.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Language background
    • 2.1Grammatical overview
    • 2.2Defining transitive clauses
  • 3.Information structure in Jaminjung-Ngaliwurru
    • 3.1Rheme (comment) vs. focus
    • 3.2Initial topic
    • 3.3Anti-topic and afterthought
    • 3.4Information structure and “default” constituent order
  • 4.Data and coding
    • 4.1Corpus
    • 4.2The datasets
  • 5.Argument realisation patterns in transitive clauses
  • 6.The interaction of constituent order and information structure in the core dataset
    • 6.1Overview of constituent orders
    • 6.2Mapping linear positions onto information structure categories
  • 7.Discussion: An agent-first bias?
  • 8.Conclusions and outlook
  • Data availability
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
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