In:Late Modern English: Novel encounters
Edited by Merja Kytö and Erik Smitterberg
[Studies in Language Companion Series 214] 2020
► pp. 167–184
In search of “the lexicographic stamp”
George Augustus Sala, slang and Late Modern English dictionaries
Published online: 18 March 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.214.07deb
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.214.07deb
Abstract
This chapter is a contribution to the study of G. A. Sala and of the LModE period from the perspective of historical lexicography. Taking as its starting point
“Slang”, an article published by Sala in an 1853 issue of Dickens’s Household
Words, the study investigates Sala’s reliance on
previous glossaries of slang and the possible impact of the numerous
examples he provides upon the first edition of the Oxford
English Dictionary (OED1), prepared
shortly after. The analysis described concludes that, despite Sala’s
discussion of words previously unregistered in dictionaries, his
text had a tenuous impact upon OED1; it shows
furthermore that OED1 did not ignore recent
contemporaneous slang, testifying instead to the complex relation
LModE speakers had with non-standard language.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.G. A. Sala and Household Words
- 3.“Slang”
- 4.G. A. Sala’s examples in previous slang dictionaries
- 5.Slang in OED1?
- 6.G. A. Sala’s examples of slang in OED1
- 7.Conclusion
Notes References Appendix
References (55)
Algeo, John. 1998. Vocabulary. In The
Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. IV:
1776–1997, Susanne Romaine (ed.), 57–91. Cambridge: CUP.
Arnold, Matthew. 1869. Culture
and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social
Criticism. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Barros, Rita Queiroz de. 2017. “A
higher standard of correctness than is quite desirable”:
Linguistic prescriptivism in Charles Dickens’s
journals. In Prescription
and Tradition in Language. Establishing Standards across
Time and Space, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade & Carol Percy (eds), 121–136. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Blake, Peter. 2015. George
Augustus Sala and the Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press.
The Personal Style of a Public
Writer. Farnham: Ashgate.
. 2016. George
Augustus Sala: The Daily Telegraph’s
greatest special
correspondent. In The
Telegraph Historical Archive,
1855–2000. <[URL]> (8 November 2018).
Brake, Laurel. 2015. Review
of Peter Blake, George
Augustus Sala and the Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press.
The Personal Style of a Public Writer. Cahiers Victoriens et
Édouardiens, 82. n.p. <[URL]> (11 November 2018).
Brewer, Charlotte. 2005. Authority
and personality: Usage labels in the Oxford English
Dictionary. Transactions
of the Philological
Society 103: 261–301.
. 2007a. Pronouncing
the ‘P’: Prescription or description in English 19th- and
20th-century
dictionaries? Historiographia
Linguistica 34: 257–280.
. 2010. Prescriptivism
and descriptivism in the first, second and third editions of
the OED. English
Today 26(2): 24–33.
. 2011. Johnston,
Webster and the Oxford English
Dictionary. In A
Companion to the History of the English
Language, Haruko Momma & Michael Matto (eds), 113–121. Singapore: Wiley Blackwell.
. 2016. Labelling
and
metalanguage. In The
Oxford Handbook to
Lexicography, Philip Durkin (ed.), 488–500. Oxford: OUP.
. 2012. Review
of Jonathon Green, Green’s Dictionary of
Slang. Journal
of English Language and
Linguistics 16(1): 193–199.
Drew, John. 2009. “Household
Words”. In Dictionary
of Nineteenth-Century Journalism in Great Britain and
Ireland, Laurel Brake & Marisa Demoors (eds), 292–293. London: Academia Press and the British Library.
Drew, John, Mackenzie, Hazel & Winyard, Ben. 2011. Introduction
to Household Words at Dickens
Journals
Online. <[URL]>. n.p. (11 November 2018)
Dumas, Bethany K. & Lighter, Jonathan. 1978. Is
slang a word for
linguists? American
Speech 53(5): 14–15.
Edwards, P. D. 1997. Dickens’s Young Men: George Augustus Sala, Edmund Yates and the World of Victorian Journalism. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Edwards, P. D. 2005. Sala,
George Augustus
(1828–1895). In Oxford
Dictionary of National
Biography. Oxford: OUP. <[URL]> (10 May 2016).
. 2018. Green’s
Dictionary of Slang, digital
edn. <[URL]> (11 November 2018).
Grund, Peter J. 2013. The
forgotten language of Middle English alchemy: Exploring
alchemical lexis in the MED and the
OED. The Review of English
Studies (New
Series) 65(271): 575–595.
Hakala, Taryn Siobhan. 2010. Working
Dialect: Nonstandard Voices in Victorian
Literature. PhD
dissertation, University of Michigan.
Hotten, John Camden. 1859/1860. A
Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar
Words, 2nd
edn. London: Taylor and Greening.
Lambert, James. 2018. Anglo-Indian
slang in dictionaries on historical
principles. World
Englishes 37(2): 1–13.
Lohrli, Anne. 1971. George
Augustus
Sala. In Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography. <[URL]> (9 December 2018).
Moon, R. 1989. Objective
or objectionable? Ideological aspects in
dictionaries. English
Language Research Journal (New
Series) 3(Language
and
Ideology): 59–94.
Mugglestone, Lynda. 2000a. Labels
reconsidered: Objectivity and the
OED. Dictionaries:
Journal of the Dictionary Society of North
America 21: 22–37.
. 2000b. The
standard of usage in the
OED. In Lexicography
and the OED, Lynda Mugglestone (ed.), 189–206. Oxford: OUP.
. 2005. Lost
for Words. The Hidden History of the Oxford English
Dictionary. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
Murray, James. 1879. An
appeal to the English-speaking and English-reading
public. <[URL]> (8 November 2018).
. 1884. General
explanations. In A
New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, Part 1: A –
Ant, xvii–xxiv. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999. Early Modern English lexis and semantics. In The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 3: 1476–1776, Roger Lass (ed.), 332–458. Cambridge: CUP.
OED1 = Murray, James & Burchfield, Robert. 1933/1961. The
Oxford English Dictionary: Being a corrected re-issue with
an introduction, supplement, and bibliography of A New
English Dictionary on Historical
Principles, 12 Vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Oxford
English Dictionary
Online. <[URL]> (8 November 2018).
Ray, Gordon N. (ed.). 1945. “Thackeray
to George Smith, 22 September
1855”. In The
Letters and Private Papers of William Makepeace Thackeray,
Vol. 3:
1852–1856, 470–471. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Schäfer, Jürgen. 1980. Documentation
in the OED: Shakespeare and Nashe as Test
Cases. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Thackeray, Willliam Makepeace. 1855. Letter to George Smith, 22 September. In Letters and Private Papers of William Makepeace Thackeray, Vol. 3: 1852–1856, Gordon N. Ray (ed.), 470–471. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1945.
Thorne, Tony. 2010. Slang. In The
Routledge Linguistics
Encyclopedia, 3rd
edn, Kirsten Malmkjaer (ed.), 489–493. London: Routledge.
