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In:Functionalist and Usage-based Approaches to the Study of Language: In honor of Joan L. Bybee
Edited by K. Aaron Smith and Dawn Nordquist
[Studies in Language Companion Series 192] 2018
► pp. 89–106

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Traces of demonstrative grammaticalization in Spanish variable subject expression

ella ‘she’ vs. él ‘he’

 | Penn State University
Published online: 1 March 2018
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.192.04tor
Abstract
Third person subject pronouns are widely hypothesized to arise from the grammaticalization of demonstratives. Analysis of variation between pronominal and unexpressed subjects in 13th–16th century Spanish texts (N = 1,947) reveals that subjects referring to women favored pronominal expression and were more sensitive to the syntactic role of the previous mention. The data distribution shows that feminine referents were less topical, or more deictically distant: they occurred less frequently than masculine ones as subjects, and their previous mention was more likely to have been in non-subject role – a particularly favorable environment for pronoun ella ‘she’. Thus, as a vestige of demonstrative origins, variable subject pronoun use could express topicality. An intermediate stage of demonstrative > pronoun grammaticalization may be use of the pronoun for unexpected subjects.
Article outline
  • 1.Variation as a window into grammaticalization
  • 2.Data
  • 3.Operationalizing deictic function and other motivations for the use of subject pronouns
  • 4.Linguistic conditioning of subject pronouns in early Spanish texts
  • 5.The intersection of referent gender and syntactic role of previous mention
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Corpus
  • References
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