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In:Exploring Intensification: Synchronic, diachronic and cross-linguistic perspectives
Edited by Maria Napoli and Miriam Ravetto
[Studies in Language Companion Series 189] 2017
► pp. 265–288

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Chapter 13
The coordination of identical conjuncts as a means of strengthening expressions in German and Italian

 | Università di Pisa
Published online: 30 September 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.189.14fos
Abstract
The article deals with syntactic units which are formed in German and in Italian by means of coordination of identical conjuncts with und or e. The resulting structure can be characterized as x ˄ x. x ˄ x units show weak productivity with a strong tendency to idiomaticity. They are often seen as stylistic means and idiomatic expressions to which the general rules of coordination do not strictly apply. Coordination of identical conjuncts is usually viewed as a case of “false coordination”, wherein the und/e conjugation does not have linking function. x ˄ x expressions are often used for specific stylistic effects, including intensification. Based on the observation of about 100 authentic examples in both languages, the article offers a description of different types of x ˄ x structures, in order to focus on those serving as intensifiers. The main issues addressed regard the roles of reduplication and conjunction in the intensification and the status of x ˄ x structures (independent groups or idioms). First contrastive observations are offered about frequency, form and function of x ˄ x structures in German and in Italian.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Some examples
  • 3. x ˄ x-expressions: forms and functions
  • 4.x ˄ x-units as a means of intensification
    • 4.1Intensification through reduplication
    • 4.2The role of the conjunction in intensification
    • 4.3Free groups or idioms?
  • 5.Contrastive observations
    • 5.1Type of conjunct
    • 5.2Types of intensification relations
  • 6.Conclusions and perspectives
  • Notes
  • References
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