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In:Language Contact and Change in Mesoamerica and Beyond
Edited by Karen Dakin, Claudia Parodi and Natalie Operstein
[Studies in Language Companion Series 185] 2017
► pp. 29–54

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Chapter 2
Spanish influence in two Tepehua languages

Structure-preserving, structure-changing, and structure-preferring effects

 | SIL International & University of North Dakota
Published online: 30 June 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.185.02wat
Abstract
The kinds of change brought about by Spanish influence on two Tepehua (Totonacan) languages are of three types: structure-preserving change, including borrowing of all word classes; structure-changing processes in the phonology; and the structure-preferring influence of Spanish in progressive and applicative constructions. Nonfinite verb forms and other borrowed lexical items fit within existing structures. Changes in the phonology include loss of phonemic contrast as well as change from a three-vowel to a five-vowel system. Contact has also given some preference to the periphrastic form of the progressive, and prepositional phrases over applicatives. The features characterizing Spanish influence vary widely across the generations, reflecting growing bilingualism and interference from code switching.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Structure-preserving change
    • 2.1Basic borrowing
    • 2.2Incorporating Spanish verb forms
  • 3.Structure-changing influence
    • 3.1Loss of the uvular
    • 3.2Effect on syllable structure
    • 3.3From three vowel positions to five
    • 3.4Loss of contrast between voiced and voiceless laterals
    • 3.5Bilabials and orthography
  • 4.Structure-preferring influence
    • 4.1Progressive aspect
    • 4.2Applicatives and prepositions
  • 5.Final observations
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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