Cover not available

In:Negation and Contact: With special focus on Singapore English
Edited by Debra Ziegeler and Zhiming Bao
[Studies in Language Companion Series 183] 2017
► pp. 115–149

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Chapter 6
Englishes, English creoles and their negative indefinites

Published online: 31 May 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.183.06van
Abstract
This is a typological study of negative indefinites, i.e., the counterparts to standard English nobody and nothing, in Englishes, primarily the New Englishes, and in English Creoles. Particular attention goes to “Negative Concord” (“NC”), i.e. the exponence of negation through both a negative indefinite and a verbal negator. The study confirms that NC is widespread in both Englishes and English Creoles and claims that although this holds for both Englishes and English Creoles, they have to be considered separately and that there is a lot of variation with respect to NC subtypes. Important, but mostly for the New Englishes, is whether or not the British English input allowed NC. For Creoles special attention goes to the fact that they typically have created a new verbal negator (no).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Data
  • 3.Standard English negative indefinites from a typological perspective
  • 4.Englishes
  • 5.English Creoles
    • 5.1Caribbean Creoles
    • 5.2African Creoles
    • 5.3Pacific Creoles
    • 5.4Conclusion
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (146)
References
Aboh, Enoch O., Veenstra, Tonjes & Smith, Norval S.H. 2013a. Saramaccan. APiCS 1: 27–38Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aboh, Enoch O., Veenstra, Tonjes & Smith, Norval S.H. 2013b. Saramaccan dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (8 January 2016).
Anderwald, Lieselotte. 2002. Negation in Non-Standard British English. Gaps, Regularizations and Asymmetries. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anderwald, Lieselotte. 2004. English in the Southeast of England: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 175–195.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anderwald, Lieselotte. 2005. Negative concord in British English dialects. In Aspects of English Negation, Yoko Iyeiri (ed.), 113–137. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anderwald, Lieselotte. 2012. Negation in varieties of English. In Areal Features of the Anglophone World, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 299–328. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ansaldo, Umberto. 2004. The evolution of Singapore English. In Singapore English. A Grammatical Description, Lisa Lim (ed.). 127–149. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, MagnusAPiCS 1, 2 & 3 Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus (eds). 2013a. The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 3 Vols. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, MagnusAPiCS 4 Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus. 2013b. The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, MagnusAPiCS 5 Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus. 2013c. Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. <[URL]>.
Awadajin Finney, Malcolm. 2012. Sierra Leone Krio. WAVE 1: 345–357.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aye, Khin Khin. 2013. Singapore Bazaar Malay. APiCS 3: 86–93.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter. 2008. Pidgins versus Creoles and Pidgincreoles. In Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies, Silvia Kouwenberg & John V. Singler (eds), 130–157. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bao, Zhiming. 2001. The origins of empty categories in Singapore English. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 16: 275–319. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bao, Zhiming. 2015. The Making of Vernacular Singapore English. System, Transfer, and Filter. Cambridge: CUP. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bao, Zhiming & Cao, Lowen. 2015. Negation in Singapore English.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bartens, Angela. 2013a. San Andres Creole English. APiCS 1: 101–114.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bartens, Angela. 2013b. San Andres Creole English dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Bartens, Angela. 2013c. Nicaraguan Creole English. APiCS 1: 115–126.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bartens, Angela. 2013d. Nicaraguan Creole English dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Bender, M. Lionel. 1987. Some possible African creoles: A pilot study. In Pidgin and Creole Languages. Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke, Glen G. Gilbert (ed.), 37–60. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 1977. Language acquisition and language universals. In Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, Albert Valdman (ed.), 49–69. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 1981. Roots of Language. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. 1995. Sociolinguistic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. 2012. Global features of English vernaculars. In Areal Features of the Anglophone World, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 261–276. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chaudenson, Robert. 2001. Creolization of Language and Culture. Revised in collaboration with Salikoko Mufwene. London: Routledge. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Decker, Ken. 2005. The Song of Kriol. A Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Denny, Stacy & Belgrave, Korah. 2012. Barbadian Creole English. WAVE 1: 197–209.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Devonish Hubert & Thompson, Dahlia. 2013. Creolese dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Escure, Geneviève. 2013a. Belizean Creole. APiCS 1: 92–100.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Escure, Geneviève. 2013b. Belizean Creole dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Faraclas, Nicholas. 2007. Tok Pisin (Creole English). In Holm & Patrick (eds), 355–372.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Faraclas, Nicholas. 2013. Nigerian Pidgin. APiCS 1: 176–184.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Farquharson, Joseph T. 2013a. Jamaican. APiCS 1: 81–91.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Farquharson, Joseph T. 2013b. Jamaican dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Filppula, Markku. 1999. The Grammar of Irish English. Language in Hibernian Style. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Filppula, Markku. 2012. Irish English. WAVE 1: 30–47.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 1998. Polarity Sensitivity as (Non)veridical Dependency [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 23]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Good, Jeff. 2015. Paradigmatic complexity in pidgins and creoles. Word Structure 8: 184–227. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Green, Lisa. 2014. Force, focus and negation in African American English. In Micro-syntactic Variation in North American English, Raffaella Zanuttini & Laurence R. Horn (eds), 115–142. Oxford: OUP. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hackert, Stephanie. 2012. Regional profile: The Caribbean. WAVE 1: 705–732.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hackert, Stephanie. 2013. Bahamian English. APiCS 1: 127–138.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hagemeijer, Tjerk. 2008. Double-headed negation in Santome. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 7: 63–82. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. Indefinite Pronouns. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin. 2013. Negation and indefinite pronouns. APiCS 4: 406–409.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hendery, Rachel & Ehrhardt, Sabine. 2012. Palmerston Island English. WAVE 1: 628–642.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond. 2012. Areal features of the Anglophone world. In Areal Features of the Anglophone World, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 1–19. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holm, John A. 1988. Pidgins and Creoles, Vol: 1: Theory and structure. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holm, John. 2004. Languages in Contact. The Partial Restructuring of Vernaculars. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holm, John. 2007. Introduction. In Comparative Creole Syntax. Parallel Outlines of 18 Creole Grammars, John Holm & Peter L. Patrick (eds), v–xi. London: Battlebridge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hopkins, Tometro, Decker, Kendall & McKenny, John (eds). 2013. World Englishes. 3 Vols. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Horn, Laurence R. 1989. A Natural History of Negation. Chicago IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hosali, Priya. 2004. Butler English: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 1031–1044.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hosali, Priya. 2013. Butler English dataset. WAVE 2. <[URL]> (18 February 2016).
Howe, Darin. 2005. Negation in African American Vernacular English. In Aspects of English Negation, Yoko Iyeiri (ed.), 173–203. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 1999. Ghanaian Pidgin English and its West African Context. A Sociohistorical and Structural Analysis [Varieties of English around the World G24]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 2004. Ghanaian Pidgin English. HVE 1: 866–878.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 2012a. Ghanaian English. WAVE 1: 382–393.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 2012b. Ghanaian Pidgin English. WAVE 1: 394–409.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 2013a. Ghanaian Pidgin English. APiCS 1: 167–174.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huber, Magnus. 2013b. Ghanaian Pidgin English dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016)
Huber, Magnus & Dako, Kari. 2004. Ghanaian English: morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 854–865.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huttar, George L. & Huttar, Mary L. 1994. Ndyuka. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd, Burridge, Kate, Meshtrie, Rajend, Schneider, Edgar W. & Upton, CliveHVE 1 Kortmann, Bernd, Burridge, Kate, Meshtrie, Rajend, Schneider, Edgar W. & Upton, Clive (eds). 2004. A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (The chapters are reordered and reprinted in a 4 volume set called Varieties of English. 2009. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter) doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Schneider, Edgar W.HVE 2 Kortmann, Bernd & Schneider, Edgar W. (eds) 2004. Varieties of English. CD-ROM. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Israel, Michael. 2011. The Pragmatics of Polarity. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jespersen, Otto. 1917. Negation in English and Other Languages. København: A. F. Høst & SønGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kahrel, Peter. 1996. Aspects of Negation. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kallel, Amel. 2011. The Loss of Negative Concord in Standard English. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koefoed, Geert. 1979. Some remarks on the baby talk theory and the relexification theory. In Readings in Creole Studies, Ian F. Hancock (ed.), 37–54. Ghent: Story-Scientia. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd. 2004. Synopsis: Morphological syntactic variation in the British Isles. HVE 1 1089–1102.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd. 2012. Regional profile: The British Isles. WAVE 1: 679–704.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Lunkenheimer, Kerstin. 2012. Introduction. WAVE 1: 1–11.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Wolk, Christoph. 2012. Morphosyntactic variation in the Anglophone world: A global perspective. WAVE 1: 907–936.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kwachka, Patricia. 2013. English in Alaska. In World Englishes, Vol. II: North America. Tometro Hopkins (ed.), 187–213. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Labov, William, Cohen, Paul, Robins, Clarence & Lewis, John. 1968. A Study of the Nonstandard English of Negro and Puerto Rican Speakers in New York City [Final Report, Cooperative Project No. 3288]. United States Office of Education.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leitner, Gerhard. 1989. “You’re not to say nothin’ to nobody” – About Australian English grammar. In Critical Approaches to the New Literatures in English: A Selection of Papers of the 10th Annual Conference of the ‘Commonwealth’ Literature and Language Studies, Koenigstein, 11–14 June 1987, Dieter Riemenschneider (ed.), 142–154. Essen: Blaue Eule.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
MacSwan, Jeff. 1999. A Minimalist Approach to Intrasentential Code Switching. New York NY: Garland.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Malcolm, Ian G. 2012. Aboriginal English and associated varieties. WAVE 1: 596–619.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Malcolm, Ian G. 2013. Roper River Creole (Kriol) dataset. WAVE 2, <[URL]> (17 February 2016).
Markey, Thomas L. 1982. Afrikaans: Creole or Non-Creole. Zeitschrift fúr Dialektologie und Linguistics 2: 16–207.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Martineau, France & Mougeon, Raymond. 2003. A sociolinguistic study of the origins of ne deletion in European and Quebec French. Language 79: 118–152. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matthews, Stephen & Li, Michelle. 2013. Chinese Pidgin English. APiCS 1: 206–213.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McWhorter, John H. & Good, Jeff. 2012. A Grammar of Saramaccan Creole. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2013a. Bislama dataset. WAVE 2. <[URL]> (17 February 2016).
Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2013b. Bislama. APiCS 1: 223–231.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Montgomery, Michael B. 2008. Appalachian English: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 428–467.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2012. Gullah. WAVE 1: 141–155.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2015. The emergence of African American English. Monogenetic or polygenetic? With or without “decreolization”? Under how much substrate influence? In The Oxford Handbook of African American Language, Sonja Lanehart (ed.), 57–84. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mühleisen, Susanne. 2013. Trinidad English Creole dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (11 January 2016).
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 2012. Norfolk Island/Pitcairn English. WAVE 1: 620–627.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 2013. Norf'k dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (25 January 2016).
Muller, Claude. 1991. La négation en français: Syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes. Genève: Droz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nevalainen, Terttu & Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena. 2003. Historical Sociolinguistics. Language Change in Tudor and Stuart English. London: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paauw, Scott. 2013. Ambon Malay. APiCS 3: 84–104.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Penka, Doris. 2011. Negative Indefinites. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Peter, Lothar & Wolf, Hans-Georg. 2007. A comparison of the varieties of West African Pidgin English. World Englishes 26: 3–21. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Platt, John. 1975. The Singapore English speech continuum and its basilect “Singlish” as a “Creoloid”. Anthropological Linguistics 17: 363–374.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prescod, Paula. 2013. Vincentian Creole. APiCS 1: 70–80.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prescod, Paula. 2015. Licensing negation and negative concord in Atlantic Creoles: The case of Vincentian.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sakoda, Kent & Siegel, Jeff. 2004. Hawai'i Creole: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 742–769.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sand, Andrea. 2012. Jamaican English. WAVE 1: 210–221.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schneider, Agnes. 2012. Typological profiles: Pidgins and creoles. WAVE 1: 875–904.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W. 1997. The cline of creoleness in negation patterns in Caribbean English Creole. In Language History and Linguistic Modeling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th Birthday, Raymond Hickey & Stanislav Puppel (eds), 1055–1067. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W. 1998. Negation patterns and the cline of creoleness in English-oriented varieties of the Caribbean. Studies in Caribbean Language II, Pauline Christie, Barbara Lalla, Velma Pollard & Lawrence Carrington (eds), 204–227. St. Augustine: The University of the West Indies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English. Varieties around the World. Cambridge: CUP. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W. 2012. Regional profile: North America. WAVE 1: 735–762.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schröder, Anne. 2012. Cameroon Pidgin. WAVE 1: 441–453Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schröder, Anne. 2013. Cameroon Pidgin English. APiCS 1: 185–193.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schröter, Verena. 2012. Colloquial Singaporean English (Singlish). WAVE 1: 562–572.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schultze-Berndt, Eva & Angelo, Denise. 2013. Kriol dataset. APiCS 5. <[URL]> (25 January 2016).
Sharma, Devyani. 2012. Indian English. WAVE 1: 523–530.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shnukal, Anna. 1988. Broken. An Introduction to the Creole Language of Torres Strait. Canberra: Australian National University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Siemund, Peter. 2013. Varieties of English. A Typological Approach. Cambridge: CUP. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Simo Bobda, Augustin. 2012. Cameroon English. WAVE 1: 433–440.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Singler, John Victor. 2012. Vernacular Liberian English. WAVE 1: 369–381.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Slomanson, Peter. 2013. Sri Lankan Malay. APiCS 3: 77–85.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smith, Geoff. 2013. Tok Pisin datapoint, WAVE 2. <[URL]> (17 February 2016).
Smith, Geoff P. & Siegel, Jeff. 2013. Tok Pisin. APiCS 1: 214–222.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stevenson, Roland C. 1969. Bagirmi Grammar. Khartoum: University of Khartoum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Syea, Anand. 2013. The Syntax of Mauritian Creole. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taylor, Douglas. 1957. Review of Keith Whinnom Spanish contact vernaculars in the Philippine Islands . WORD 13: 489–499. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taylor, Douglas. 1971. Grammatical and lexical affinities of creoles. In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages. Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, April 1968, Dell Hymes (ed.), 293–296. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid. 1982. Double negation and eighteenth century English grammars. Neophilologus 66: 278–285. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid. 2010. Lowth as an icon of prescriptivism. In Eighteenth-century English. Ideology and Change, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 73–88. Cambridge: CUP. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van den Berg, Margot C. 2007. A Grammar of Early Sranan. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van den Berg, Margot C. & Smith, Norval S. 2013. Early Sranan. APiCS 1: 3–14.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van der Auwera, Johan. 2015. Les indéfinis négatifs dans les langues créoles. Nouveaux cahiers de linguistique française 32: 27–43.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van der Auwera, Johan & Van Alsenoy, Lauren. 2016. On the typology of negative concord. Studies in Language 40: 473–512. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van der Auwera, Johan & Van Alsenoy, Lauren. 2017. More ado about nothing: On the typology of negative indefinites’. In An atlas of Meaning, Ken Turner & Laurence R. Horn (eds). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Veenstra, Tonjes. 2012. Saramaccan. WAVE 1: 291–301.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Velupillai, Viveka. 2015. Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages [Creole Language Library 48]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wagner, Susanne. 2012. Southwest English dialects. WAVE 1: 78–87.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Lunkenheimer, KerstinWAVE 1 Kortmann, Bernd & Lunkenheimer, Kerstin (eds). 2012. The Mouton world atlas of varieties of English. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Kerstin LunkenheimerWAVE 2 Kortmann, Bernd & Kerstin Lunkenheimer (eds). 2013. The electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, <[URL]>
White-Sustaita, Jessica. 2010. Reconsidering the syntax of non-canonical negative inversion. English Language and Linguistics 14:429–455. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 2012. Sranan, WAVE 1: 302–319.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Winford, Donald & Migge, Bettina. 2004. Surinamese creoles: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 482–516.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Winford, Donald & Plag, Ingo. 2013. Sranan. APiCS 1: 15–26.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Winford, James & Youssef, Valerie. 2004. The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: Morphology and syntax. HVE 1: 454–481.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yakpo, Kofi. 2009. A Grammar of Pichi. PhD dissertation, Radboud University Nijmegen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yakpo, Kofi. 2013. Pichi. APiCS 1: 194–205.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. <[URL]>
Ziegeler, Debra. 2015. Converging Grammars. Constructions in Singapore English. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. doi: Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (49)

Cited by 49 other publications

Déprez, Viviane
2025. Negative Concord in Creole Languages: Commonality and Variation in the Perspective of Bickerton’s Legacy. In The Evolution, Acquisition and Development of Syntax, ► pp. 209 ff. DOI logo
van der Auwera, Johan
2022. Nominal and pronominal negative concord, through the lens of Belizean and Jamaican Creole. Linguistics 60:2 ► pp. 505 ff. DOI logo
Van der Auwera, Johan
2024. Any and its ‘free choice’. Kalbotyra 77 ► pp. 7 ff. DOI logo
Beaver, David & Kristin Denlinger
2020. Negation and Presupposition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 369 ff. DOI logo
Bohn, Manuel, Josep Call & Christoph J. Völter
2020. Evolutionary Precursors of Negation in Non-Human Reasoning. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 577 ff. DOI logo
Breitbarth, Anne
2020. The Negative Cycle and Beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 530 ff. DOI logo
Christensen, Ken Ramshøj
2020. The Neurology of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 725 ff. DOI logo
De Clercq, Karen
2020. Types of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 58 ff. DOI logo
de Swart, Henriëtte
2020. Double Negation Readings. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 479 ff. DOI logo
Delfitto, Denis
2020. Expletive Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 255 ff. DOI logo
Dwivedi, Veena D.
2020. Individual Differences in Processing of Negative Operators. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 713 ff. DOI logo
Viviane Déprez & M. Teresa Espinal
2020. The Oxford Handbook of Negation, DOI logo
Fleisher, Nicholas
2020. Calculating the Scope of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 269 ff. DOI logo
Francis, Naomi & Sabine Iatridou
2020. Modals and Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 285 ff. DOI logo
Fălăuş, Anamaria
2020. Negation and Alternatives. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 333 ff. DOI logo
Giannakidou, Anastasia
2020. Negative Concord and the Nature of Negative Concord Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 458 ff. DOI logo
Gianollo, Chiara
2020. The Morpho-Syntactic Nature of the Negative Marker. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 117 ff. DOI logo
Gianollo, Chiara
2020. Evolution of Negative Dependencies. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 546 ff. DOI logo
Grodzinsky, Yosef, Virginia Jaichenco, Isabelle Deschamps, María Elina Sánchez, Martín Fuchs, Peter Pieperhoff, Yonatan Loewenstein & Katrin Amunts
2020. Negation and the Brain. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 694 ff. DOI logo
Hochmann, Jean-Rémy
2020. Cognitive Precursors of Negation in Preverbal Infants. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 589 ff. DOI logo
Horn, Laurence R.
2020. Neg-raising. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 199 ff. DOI logo
Horn, Laurence R.
2020. Negation and Opposition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 7 ff. DOI logo
Joshi, Shrikant
2020. Affixal Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 75 ff. DOI logo
Kaup, Barbara & Carolin Dudschig
2020. Understanding Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 635 ff. DOI logo
Larrivée, Pierre
2020. The Role of Pragmatics in Negation Change. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 563 ff. DOI logo
Martins, Ana Maria
2020. Metalinguistic Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 349 ff. DOI logo
Mayr, Clemens
2020. Intervention Effects with Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 216 ff. DOI logo
Moeschler, Jacques
2020. Negative Predicates. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 26 ff. DOI logo
Muller, Hanna & Colin Phillips
2020. Negative Polarity Illusions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 656 ff. DOI logo
Papeo, Liuba & Manuel de Vega
2020. The Neurobiology of Lexical and Sentential Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 740 ff. DOI logo
Pearce, Elizabeth
2020. Negation and Constituent Ordering. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 152 ff. DOI logo
Poletto, Cecilia
2020. The Possible Positioning of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 135 ff. DOI logo
Prieto, Pilar & M. Teresa Espinal
2020. Negation, Prosody, and Gesture. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 677 ff. DOI logo
Quer, Josep
2020. The Expression of Negation in Sign Languages. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 177 ff. DOI logo
Ripley, David
2020. Denial. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 47 ff. DOI logo
Romero, Maribel
2020. Form and Function of Negative, Tag, and Rhetorical Questions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 235 ff. DOI logo
Schein, Barry
2020. Negation in Event Semantics. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 301 ff. DOI logo
Sánchez, Liliana & Jennifer Austin
2020. Negation in L2 Acquisition and Beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 615 ff. DOI logo
Thornton, Rosalind
2020. Negation and First Language Acquisition. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 599 ff. DOI logo
Tortora, Christina & Frances Blanchette
2020. Negation in Non-Standard Varieties. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 515 ff. DOI logo
Tovena, Lucia M.
2020. Negative Polarity Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 391 ff. DOI logo
Tubau, Susagna
2020. Minimizers and Maximizers as Different Types of Polarity Items. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 407 ff. DOI logo
van der Auwera, Johan & Olga Krasnoukhova
2020. The Typology of Negation. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 91 ff. DOI logo
Wallage, Phillip
2020. Quantitative Studies of the Use of Negative (Dependent) Expressions. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 499 ff. DOI logo
Weir, Andrew
2020. Negative Fragment Answers. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 441 ff. DOI logo
Zeijlstra, Hedde
2020. Negative Quantifiers. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 426 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2020. Copyright Page. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. iv ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2020. Abbreviations. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. xi ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2020. Introduction. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 3 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue