In:Exploring the Turkish Linguistic Landscape: Essays in honor of Eser Erguvanlı-Taylan
Edited by Mine Güven, Didar Akar, Balkız Öztürk and Meltem Kelepir
[Studies in Language Companion Series 175] 2016
► pp. 143–156
The interface of evidentials and epistemics in Turkish
Perspectives from acquisition
Published online: 14 June 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.175.09aks
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.175.09aks
Evidentiality marking is grammaticized in Turkish and closely aligns with the marking of epistemic notions. This paper addresses questions regarding the nature of evidentiality as a modal category, explores the functions of the evidential suffix -mIş/-(y)mIş for indicating information source and speaker stance, and considers its complementary distribution with the neutral past tense marker -DI and the epistemic suffix -DIr, providing empirical evidence from acquisition research. It concludes that evidentiality in Turkish is a modal category that is distinct from epistemic modality.
Keywords: epistemics, evidentials, language acquisition, Turkish
References (29)
Aksu-Koç, Ayhan & Alıcı, Didem Mersin. 2000. Understanding sources of beliefs and marking of uncertainty: The child’s theory of evidentiality. In The Proceedings of the Thirtieth Child Language Research Forum, Eve V. Clark (ed.), 123-130. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.
Aksu-Koç, Ayhan & Slobin, Dan I. 1986. A psychological account of the development and use of evidentials in Turkish. In Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Advances in Discourse Processes, Vol XX, Wallace Chafe & Johanna Nichols (ed.), 159-167. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
Aksu‐Koç, Ayhan, Ögel‐Balaban, Hale & Alp, İ. Ercan. 2009. Evidentials and source knowledge in Turkish. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 125: 13-28. San Francisco CA: Josey Bass.
Aksu-Koç, Ayhan. 1988[2006]. The Acquisition of Aspect and Modality: The Case of Past Reference in Turkish, 2nd edn. Cambridge: CUP.
. 1995. Some connections between aspect and modality in Turkish. In Temporal Reference aspect and Actionality, Vol. 2: Typological Perspectives, Pier Marco Bertinetto, Valentina Bianchi, Östen Dahl & Mario Squartini (eds), 271-287. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier.
. 2009. Evidentials: An interface between linguistic and conceptual development. In Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Psychology of Language: Research in the Tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin, Jiansheng Guo, Elena Lieven, Susan Ervin Tripp, Nancy Budwig & Şeyda Özçalışkan (eds), 531-541. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Aydın, Çağla & Aksu-Koç, Ayhan. 2015. Children’s knowledge acquisition: Comprehension of the epistemic function of the marker –DIr in Turkish. Poster presented at the Budapest CEU Conference on Cognitive development (BCCCD 2015) January 8-10.
Bybee, Joan, Perkins, Revere & Pagliuca, William. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
Chafe, Wallace & Nichols, Johanna. 1986. Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Advances in Discourse Processes, Vol. XX. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
De Haan, Ferdinand. 1999. Evidentiality and epistemic modality: Setting boundaries. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 18(1): 83-101.
Dendale, Patrick & Tasmowski, Liliane. 2001. Introduction: Evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics 33(3): 339-348.
Erguvanlı-Taylan, Eser. 2014. A modality map of Turkish. Paper presented at the 17th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, September 3-5, 2014, Rouen, France.
Givón, Talmy. 1982. Evidentiality and epistemic space. Studies in Language 6(1): 23-49.
Johanson, Lars & Utas, Bo. 2000. Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages, Vol. 24. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Lazard, Gilbert. 2001. On the grammaticalization of evidentiality. Journal of Pragmatics 33(3): 359-367.
Ögel, Hale. 2007. Developments in Source Monitoring and Linguistic Encoding of Source. MA thesis, Boğaziçi University.
Plungian, Vladimir A. 2001. The place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space. Journal of Pragmatics 33(3): 349-357.
Sansa-Tura, Sabahat. 1986. DIr in modern Turkish. In Proceedings of the Turkish Linguistics Conference, August 9-10, 1984, Ayhan Aksu-Koç & Eser Erguvanlı-Taylan (eds), 145-158. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
Slobin, Dan I. & Aksu, Ayhan. 1982. Tense, aspect and modality in the use of the Turkish evidential. In Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics [Typological Studies in Language 1], Paul J. Hopper (ed.), 185-200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Tamm, Anne, Çağlar, Leyla Roksan, Aksu-Koç, Ayhan & Csibra, Gergely. In preparation. Generic grammar makes Turkish preschoolers generalize statements and tolerate exceptions. Poster presented at the Budapest CEU Conference on Cognitive development (BCCCD 2014) January 9-11.
Tamm, Anne, Çağlar, Leyla Roksan, Csibra, Gergely & Aksu-Koç, Ayhan. 2014. Turkish indirect evidential sentences provide information but thwart generalization. Paper presented at the Workshop Empirical Evidence for Evidentiality, Nijmegen, January 9-10.
Temürcü, Ceyhan. 2007. A Semantic Framework for Analyzing Tense, Aspect and Mood: An Application to the Ranges of Polysemy of-Xr, -DIr, - and-Ø in Turkish. PhD dissertation, Antwerp University.
Uzundağ, Berna, Taşcı, Süleyman, Küntay, Aylin & Aksu-Koç, Ayhan. İn preparation. Functions of evidentials in Turkish child and child-directed speech in early child-caregiver interactions. Paper presented at Boston University Conference on Language Development; to appear in BUCLD 40 Proceedings
, Cascadilla Press, 2016.
Willett, Thomas. 1988. A cross-linguistic survey of the grammaticization of evidentiality. Studies in Language 12(1): 51-97.
Cited by (6)
Cited by six other publications
Arslan, Seçkin, Elif Tutku Tunalı, Yağmur Çetin & Özgür Aydın
Türkyılmaz, Bahar
Türkyılmaz, Bahar
Tosun, Sümeyra & Luna Filipović
Tosun, Sümeyra & Luna Filipović
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 3 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
