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In:New Directions in Grammaticalization Research
Edited by Andrew D.M. Smith, Graeme Trousdale and Richard Waltereit
[Studies in Language Companion Series 166] 2015
► pp. 9–50

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The grammaticalization of headshakes

From head movement to negative head

 | University of Amsterdam
Published online: 8 April 2015
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.166.02pfa
All sign languages investigated to date make use of a side-to-side headshake in the context of negation. This headshake, however, is qualitatively different from the co-speech gesture used by speakers in similar contexts. Following a discussion of the origin and use of gestural headshakes, we show that across sign languages, the distribution of headshakes – in particular, their scope and co-occurrence with manual negative elements – is subject to language-specific constraints, which are clearly linguistic in nature. We thus argue that the headshake, as used in sign languages, is a linguistic element which has grammaticalized from a gestural input. We further discuss different types of sign language negation systems from a typological perspective, and we provide some speculations on their evolution in terms of Jespersen’s Cycle.
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