In:Grammaticalization – Theory and Data
Edited by Sylvie Hancil and Ekkehard König
[Studies in Language Companion Series 162] 2014
► pp. 235–256
The final particle but in British English
an instance of cooptation and grammaticalization at work
Published online: 24 September 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.162.12han
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.162.12han
Even though final but is still a relatively recent phenomenon in British English, it is worth studying in more detail. The purpose of the article is to shed some light on final but in the spoken part of the British National Corpus (BNC) and in the Newcastle Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English (NECTE). The examination of the various semantic-pragmatic meanings shows that they can directly be put along a specific grammaticalization chain and that instead of being explainable in terms of pragmaticalization, they can be better explained in terms of cooptation and grammaticalization.
References (16)
Fernandez, M.M. Jocelyne. 2006. Vers une typologie linguistique du détachement à fondement ouralien d'Europe. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 101(1) : 173-223.
Foolen, Ad. 2011. Pragmatic markers in a sociopragmatic perspective. In Pragmatics of Society, Gisle Andersen & Karin Aijmer (eds), 217-242. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Ford, Cecilia & Thompson, Sandra A. 1996. Interactional units in conversation: Syntactic, intonational, and pragmatic resources for the management of turns. In Interaction and Grammar [Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 13], Elinor Ochs, Emanuel A. Schegloff & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 134-184. Cambridge: CUP.
Haegeman, Liliane. 1991. Parenthetical adverbials: The radical orphan approach. In Aspects of Modern English Linguistics: Papers Presented to Masatomo Ukaji on his 60th birthday, Shuji Chiba, Akira Ogawa, Yasuaki Fuiwara, Noria Yamada, Osamu Koma & Takao Yagi (eds), 232–254. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
Kaltenböck, Gunther, Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania 2011. On thetical grammar. Studies in Language 35: 852-897.
Heine, Bernd 2013. On discourse markers: Grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else? Linguistics 51(6): 1205-1247.
Mulder, Jean & Thompson, Sandra A. 2008. The grammaticalization of final but in English conversation. In Crosslinguistic Studies of Clause Combining: The Multifunctionality of Conjunctions [Typological Studies in Language 80], 179-204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mulder, Jean, Thompson, Sandra A. & Penry Williams, Cara 2009. Final but in Australian English conversation. In Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English: Grammar and Beyond [Varieties of English around the World G39], Pam Peters, Peter Collins & Adam Smith (eds), 337–358. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pomerantz, Anita. 1984. Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features found in preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In Structures of Social Action, Studies in Conversation Analysis, J. Maxwell Atkinson & John Heritage (eds), 232–254. Cambridge: CUP.
Schegloff, Emanuel A., Jefferson, Gail, Sacks, Harvey. 1977. The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language 52: 361-382.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2007. Discussion article: Discourse markers, modal particles, and contrastive analysis, synchronic and diachronic. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 6: 139-157.
. 2010. Dialogic contexts as motivations for syntactic change. In Variation and Change in English Grammar and Lexicon, Robert A. Cloutier, Anne Marie Hamilton-Brehm & William Kretzschmar (eds), 11-27. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Waltereit, Richard & Detges, Ulrich. 2007. Different functions, different histories. Modal particles and discourse markers from a diachronic point of view. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 6: 61-80.
Waltereit, Richard 2012. On the origins of grammaticalization and other types of language change in discourse strategies. In Grammaticalization and Language Change [Studies in Language Companion Series 130], Kristin Davidse, Tine Breban, Lieselotte Brems & Tanja Mortelmans (eds), 51-72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Aijmer, Karin
2016. Pragmatic markers as constructions. The case of anyway. In Outside the Clause [Studies in Language Companion Series, 178], ► pp. 29 ff.
Hancil, Sylvie
Hancil, Sylvie
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 3 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
