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Article published In: Studies in Language
Vol. 47:2 (2023) ► pp.463–504

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It’s all about the sentential construction

Lexicalization of complete mono-clausal sentences into words – Evidence from Hebrew

 | Tel Aviv University
Published online: 8 November 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21006.bec
Abstract
Cross-linguistically, very few complete sentences, as opposed to a myriad of phrases, lexicalize to become words. I here offer an account for this skewed distribution, along the lines of Construction Grammar, by analyzing a set of mono-clausal sentences in Hebrew which have indeed become – or are on the verge of becoming – words. I adopt the distinction between categorical and thetic propositions, and show that only the latter can evolve into words. A thetic – unlike a categorical – proposition, much like a verb-phrase, enables a tight semantic bonding between its components to form an ‘interpretatively cohesive’ unit, which may lead to semantic change. An evaluative thetic – unlike a categorical – proposition is comment-like, hence ‘semantically-incomplete’, and in need of a topic from prior discourse to predicate on, which may lead to a change in grammatical status. All verb-phrases meet these two criteria but only few sentences do, hence, I argue, the skewed distribution of sources from which new words evolve.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The constructional change studied determines the constructional model adopted
    • 2.1The constructional change studied
    • 2.2The constructional model adopted
  • 3.The structural properties of categorical and thetic propositions in Hebrew
    • 3.1Xaval ‘it’s too bad/a pity’
    • 3.2Ba ‘it feels like’
    • 3.3Efšar ‘it’s possible’
    • 3.4En ‘there is/are no’
    • 3.5The sentences studied here and their usage as words
      • 3.5.1Xaval al ha-zman (Originally ‘it’s a waste of time’)
      • 3.5.2Ba livkot (originally ‘it feels like crying’)
      • 3.5.3Efšar lehištage’a (originally ‘it’s possible to go crazy’)
      • 3.5.4En dvarim ka-ele/u (originally ‘there are no such things’)
  • 4.‘Interpretative cohesion’ enabled by theticity drives the semantic change
    • 4.1Phrases are interpretatively cohesive units and therefore tend towards semantic opacity
    • 4.2Dativeless thetic propositions are interpretatively cohesive units and therefore lend themselves to semantic opacity
      • 4.2.1The predicate in dativeless thetic propositions and the NP that follows form an interpretatively cohesive unit
      • 4.2.2The predicate in dativeless thetic propositions and the infinitive that follows form an interpretatively cohesive unit
  • 5.‘Semantic Incompleteness’ enabled by theticity drives the grammatical change
  • 6.The semantic change and the change in grammatical status may benefit from the absence of the dative participant
    • 6.1The potential interference of the dative participant with the semantic change
    • 6.2The potential interference of the dative participant with the change in grammatical status
  • 7.A possibly related phenomenon?
  • 8.Summary and Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
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