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Article published In: Studies in Language
Vol. 45:4 (2021) ► pp.969–1024

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Typology of coding patterns and frequency effects of antipassives

ORCiD logo with link | Leipzig University
ORCiD logo with link | Leipzig University
 | Leipzig University
 | Leipzig University | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Published online: 6 January 2021
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.20049.ser
Abstract
Frequency asymmetries within a minimal grammatical domain create offline associations that languages tend to exploit for a more efficient encoding. We explore cross-linguistic coding patterns of antipassives. We first argue that antipassive markers tend to have properties of derivational markers. Secondly, we show that antipassives are considerably rarer than the basic transitive constructions. The lower frequency correlates with the length of coding: antipassives tend to be coded with longer forms than basic transitive verbs. Thirdly, we explore frequency associations of different lexical input types and find that it is the rare input types that tend to select the antipassive, if the marking is differential, while the frequent ones correlate with the unmarked verb (A-lability). We, furthermore, show that the rarer argument types and argument scenarios correlate stronger with antipassives than the more frequent argument types and scenarios.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Defining antipassives
    • 2.1The (marked) antipassive
    • 2.2A-related (marked) antipassives
    • 2.3P-related (marked) antipassives
    • 2.4Other P-backgrounding constructions
      • 2.4.1Monovalent A-lability
      • 2.4.2Bivalent A-lability
      • 2.4.3Partitive constructions
      • 2.4.4P-incorporation
      • 2.4.5Cliticization of an indefinite/generic pronoun
      • 2.4.6Summing up
  • 3.Our sample and corpus data
  • 4.Cross-linguistic properties of antipassive markers
    • 4.1Antipassive markers are rather derivational than inflectional
    • 4.2Frequency-based explanation for marking the antipassive
    • 4.3Differential marking of P-backgrounding
      • 4.3.1Form-frequency asymmetries conditioned by lexical verbs
      • 4.3.2Form-frequency asymmetries conditioned by the argument input
    • 4.4Other generalizations
  • 5.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (146)
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Cited by (4)

Cited by four other publications

Creissels, Denis
2024. Transitivity, Valency, and Voice, DOI logo
Haude, Katharina
2024. Between Symmetrical Voice and Ergativity: Inverse and Antipassive in Movima. International Journal of American Linguistics 90:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Janic, Katarzyna & Charlotte Hemmings
2021. Alignment shift as functional markedness reversal. Journal of Historical Linguistics 11:2 ► pp. 299 ff. DOI logo
Janic, Katarzyna & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich
2021. The multifaceted nature of the antipassive construction. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo

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