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Article published In: Studies in Language
Vol. 43:4 (2019) ► pp.896–940

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Assertion, presumption and presupposition

An account of the erstwhile nominalizer YUM in Khalkha Mongolian

 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Academia Sinica
 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Published online: 23 January 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.18050.bro
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the clitic YUM (< ‘thing’) in Khalkha Mongolian which, in different syntactic contexts, reinforces assertiveness or expresses different shades of presumption or presupposition. The former holds for declaratives where the presence of YUM conveys the speaker’s strong subjective commitment. In question clauses, YUM is used to indicate the speaker’s subjective and often strong guess, sometimes to the point that the speaker presupposes that the proposition actually obtains. In subordinate clauses, YUM may fulfill the same function or serve as a structurally necessary nominalizer for adjectival predicates without introducing any semantic opposition. In declaratives marked as immediately perceived, YUM conveys inference via assumptive reasoning. We thus analyze YUM as a marker of subjective speaker conviction that within the Khalkha Mongolian declarative system is opposed to both simple factuality and overt evidential marking.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Data, methods and conventions
  • 3.Uses of yum: An overview
  • 4.The morphological status of yum
  • 5.Referential uses
  • 6.Sentence-final YUM
    • 6.1Sentence-final YUM in declaratives
    • 6.2Sentence-final YUM in questions
  • 7.YUM in connectors
    • 7.1YUM in conditionals
    • 7.2YUM in similative complements
  • 8.The presumptive reasoning construction YUM + copula
  • 9.Discussion and conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Glosses
  • References
  • Corpora and primary sources
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