Functional Type, Voice, and the Javanese DI-Form

This paper introduces the concept of functional type, a particular combination of functions which are realized in a single clause, and applies this concept to data on voice from Javanese and English, comparing the English passive and two Javanese constructions with passive-like structural and functional properties. It is shown that what is conceived of as general passive function can be divided into a number of different functional types, each one associated with particular discourse properties of the agent and patient and a particular combination of structural representations in Javanese and English.